Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine (동의생리병리학회지)

The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and The Society of Pathology in Korean Medicine (대한동의생리학회·한의병리학회)
권호 표지

Anxiolytic-like Effects of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel Using the Elevated Plus-Maze in Mice : Involvement of GABAergic Nervous System

Elevated Plus-Maze를 이용한 현삼의 항불안 효과 : GABA 신경계와의 관련성 연구

  • Choi, Yun-Hee (Department of Oriental Health Science, Wonkwang Digital University) ;
  • Jung, Ji-Wook (Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, Daegu Haany University)
  • 최윤희 (원광디지털대학교 한방건강학과) ;
  • 정지욱 (대구한의대학교 한약재약리학과)
  • Received : 2010.06.08
  • Accepted : 2010.06.15
  • Published : 2010.06.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study was performed to investigate the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous extract of the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana (SB-W) using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board apparatus in mice. SB-W was orally administered at doses of 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation. Control group were administered with an equal volume of saline, and positive control group with buspirone (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of SB-W significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Futhermore, those anxiolytic-like activities of SB-W were antagonized by flumazenil (a $GABA_A$ antagonist, 10 mg/kg), but not by WAY-100635 (a 5-$HT_{1A}$ antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with saline-treated control group. In the hole-board test, the administration of SB-W (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of head-dipping compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, these findings suggest that Scrophularia buergeriana promotes the anxiolytic-like activity mediated by GABAergic nervous system in mice.

Keywords

References

  1. Sandford, J.J., Argyropoulos, S.V., Nutt, D.J. The psychobiology of anxiolytic drugs. Part 1: Basic neruobiology. Pharmacol. Ther. 88: 197-212, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(00)00082-6
  2. Argyropoulos, S.V., Sandford, J.J., Nutt, D.J. The psychobiology of anxiolytic drug. Part 2: Pharmacological treatment of anxiety. Pharmacol. Ther. 88: 213-227, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(00)00083-8
  3. Kunovac, J.L., Stahl, S.M. Future directions in anxiolytic pharmacotherapy. Psychatr Clin North Am. 18: 895-909, 1995.
  4. Leo, R.J. Movement disorders associated with the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. Clin Psychiatry. 57(10):449-454, 1996. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v57n1002
  5. Lucki, I. Serotonin receptor specificity in anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 57 Suppl 6: 5-10, 1996.
  6. Hoffman, E.J., Mathew, S.J. Anxiety disorders: a comprehensive review of pharmacotherapies. Mt Sinai J Med. 75(3):248-262, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20041
  7. Ernst, E. Herbal remedies for anxiety - a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Phytomedicine. 13(3):205-208, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.11.006
  8. Saeed, S.A., Bloch, R.M., Antonacci, D.J. Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. Am Fam Physician. 76(4):549-556, 2007.
  9. Peng, W.H., Hsieh, M.T., Lee, Y.S., Lin, Y.C., Liao, J. Anxiolytic effect of seed of Zyziphus jujuba in mouse of anxiety. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72(3):435-441, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00255-5
  10. Wu, S.X., Zhang, J.X., Xu, T.L., Li, F., Zhao, S.Y., Lan, M.Y. Effects of seeds, leaves and fruits of Ziziphus spinosa and jujuboside A on central nervous system function. China journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 18: 685-687, 703-704, 1993.
  11. Jung, J.W., Yoon, B.H., Oh, H.R., Ahn, J.H., Kim, S.Y., Park, S.Y., Ryu, J.H. Anxiolytic-like effects of Gastrodia elata and its phenolic constituents in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29: 261-265, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.261
  12. Kimura, T., Saunders, P.A., Kim, H.S., Rheu, H.M., Oh, K.W., Ho, I.K. Interactions of ginsenosides with ligand-bindings of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. Gen Pharmacol. 25(1):193-199, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90032-9
  13. 전국한의학대학 공동교재편찬위원회. 본초학. 서울, 영림사, pp 588-589, 2004.
  14. Xu Li and Wang Wei. Chinese Materia Medica. St. Albans: Donica Publishing. pp 130-131, 2002.
  15. Calis, I., Gross, G.A., Winkler, T., Sticher, O. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Two Highly Acylated Iridoid Diglycosides from Scrophularia scopolii. Planta Med. 54(2):168-170, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962382
  16. Li, Y.M., Jiang, S.H., Gao, W.Y., Zhu, D.Y. Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia ningpoensis. Phytochemistry. 54(8):923-925, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00171-0
  17. Kim, S.R., Kang, S.Y., Lee, K.Y., Kim, S.H., Markelonis, G.J., Oh, T.H., Kim, Y.C. Anti-amnestic activity of E-p-methoxycinnamic acid from Scrophularia buergeriana. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 17(2):454-461, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00161-7
  18. Lee, E.J., Kim, S.R., Kim, J., Kim, Y.C. Hepatoprotective phenylpropanoids from Scrophularia buergeriana roots against CCl(4)-induced toxicity: action mechanism and structure-activity relationship. Planta Med. 68(5):407-411, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-32081
  19. Pellow, S., Chopin, P., File, S.E., Briley, M. Validation of open : closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J. Neurosci Methods. 14: 149-167, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(85)90031-7
  20. Bonetti, E.P., Pieri, L., Cumin, R., Schaffner, R., Pieri, M., Gamzu, E.R., Muller, R.K.M., Haefely, W. Benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788: neurological and behavioral effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 78: 8-18, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00470579
  21. Takeda, H., Tsuji, M., Matsumiya, T. Changes in head-dipping behavior in the hole-board test reflect the anxiogenic and/or anxiolytic state in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 350: 21-29, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00223-4
  22. Overstreet, D.H., Pucilowski, O., Rezvani, A.H., Janowsky, D.S. Administration of antidepressants, diazepam and psychomotor stimulants further confirms the utility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats as an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology(Berl). 121(1):27-37, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245589
  23. Hattesohl, M., Feistel, B., Sievers, H., Lehnfeld, R., Hegger, M., Winterhoff, H. Extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. s.l. show anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but neither sedative nor myorelaxant properties. Phytomedicine. 15(1-2):2-15, 2008.
  24. Kent, J.M., Mathew, S.J. and Gorman, J.M. Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Anxiety. Society of Biological Psychiatry. 52: 1008-1030, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01672-4
  25. Uhlenhuth, E.H. Buspirone: a clinical review of a new, non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic. J Clin Psychiatry. 43(12):109-116, 1982.
  26. Gladney, M., Stanley, R.T., Hendricks, S.E. Anxiolytic activity of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. Pediatr Dent. 16(3):183-189, 1994.
  27. Chouinard, G., Lefko-Singh, K., Teboul, E. Metabolism of anxiolytics and hypnotics: benzodiazepines, buspirone, zoplicone, and zolpidem. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 19(4):533-552, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006943009192
  28. Boyce, P., Judd, F. The place for the tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 33(3):323-327, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00580.x
  29. Bymaster, F.P., McNamara, R.K., Tran, P.V. New approaches to developing antidepressants by enhancing monoaminergic neurotransmission. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 12(4):531-543, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.12.4.531
  30. Segrave, R., Nathan, P.J. Pindolol augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: accounting for the variability of results of placebo-controlled double-blind studies in patients with major depression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 20(3):163-174, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.672
  31. Cowen, P.J. A role for 5-HT in the action of antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol Ther. 46(1):43-51, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90033-X
  32. Anttila, S.A., Leinonen, E.V. A review of the pharmacological and clinical profile of mirtazapine. CNS Drug Rev. 7(3):249-264, 2001.
  33. Masand, P.S., Gupta, S. Long-term side effects of newer-generation antidepressants: SSRIS, venlafaxine, nefazodone, bupropion, and mirtazapine. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 14(3):175-182, 2002. https://doi.org/10.3109/10401230209147454
  34. Sheehan, D.V., Sheehan, K.H. Current approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull. 40(1):98-109, 2007.
  35. Pollack, M.H. Comorbid anxiety and depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 66(8):22-29, 2005.
  36. Imaizumi, M., Onodera, K. Animal models of 'anxiety'. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 115(1):5-12, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.115.5
  37. Kent, J.M., Mathew, S.J. and Gorman, J.M. Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Anxiety. Society of Biological Psychiatry. 52: 1008-1030, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01672-4
  38. 한국약학대학 협의회 약물학분과회. 약물학. 서울, 신일상사, p 237, 1998.
  39. Liao, J.F., Hung, W.Y. and Chen, C.F. Anxiolytic-like effects of baicalein and bacalin in the Vogel conflict test in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology. 464: 141-146, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01422-5
  40. Harvey, R.A., Champe, M.J., Mycek, M.J. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology, 2nd edition. Lippincott Williams ＆ Wilkins. pp 89-93, 119-126, 2000.
  41. Xu, Z., Wang, F., Tsang, S.Y., Ho, K.H., Zheng, H., Yuen, C.T., Chow, C.Y., Xue, H. Anxiolytic-Like Effect of baicalin and its additivity with other anxiolytics. Planta Med. 72(2):189-192, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-873193
  42. Jung, J.W., Ahn, N.Y., Park, S.H., Oh, J.K., Oh, H.R., Lee, B.K., Om, A.S., Kime, B.S., Kim, D.H., Ryu, J.H. The Anxiolytic-like Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Using Elevated Plus-Maze in Rats. Kor J Pharmaco. 35(1):22-27, 2004.
  43. Salgueiro, J.B., Ardenghi, P., Dias, M., Ferreira, M.B., Izquierdo, I., Medina, J.H. Anxiolytic natural and synthetic flavonoid ligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor have no effect on memory tasks in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 58(4):887-891, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00054-3