Elastomers and Composites

The Rubber Society of Korea (한국고무학회)
권호 표지

Appearance Contamination of EPDM Article from Water Solution

EPDM 소재의 수용액으로부터의 외관 오염

  • Received : 2010.03.31
  • Accepted : 2010.05.06
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An EPDM article was aged in air, distilled water, tap water, NaCl/$CaCl_2$ solution, and $CaCl_2/FeCl_3$ solution for 7 days. The aging temperature was $90^{\circ}C$. The samples aged in air and distilled water did not appear the whitening, those aged in tap water, NaCl/$CaCl_2$ solution, and $CaCl_2/FeCl_3$ solution showed the whitening. Soluble organic materials were analyzed using GC/MS to identify the whitening materials, surface morphology of the aged sample surface was examined using image analyzer and SEM, and elemental analysis of the materials accumulated on the sample surface was performed using EDX. Principal reason to cause whitening might be formation of metal salt of fatty acid by reaction between metal cation and fatty acid.

EPDM 소재를 공기 중, 수돗물, 3차 증류수, NaCl/$CaCl_2$ 혼합 수용액, $CaCl_2/FeCl_3$ 혼합 수용액에서 7일간 노화시켰다. 노화 온도는 $90^{\circ}C$였다. 공기와 3차 증류수에서 노화된 시험편은 백화가 발생하지 않았으나, 수돗물, NaCl/$CaCl_2$ 혼합 수용액, $CaCl_2/FeCl_3$ 혼합 수용액에서 노화된 시험편은 백화가 발생하였다. 백화 물질을 규명하기 위해 GC/MS를 이용하여 가용성 유기물을 분석하였으며, 영상 분석기와 SEM을 이용하여 표면 형태를 조사하였으며, EDX를 이용하여 표면 적층물의 원소 분석을 실행하였다. 백화의 주요 원인으로는 금속 이온과 지방산과의 반응에 의한 지방산 금속염의 형성을 들 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. S.-S. Choi and S.-H. Ha, "Collection and identification of organic materials accumulated on a rubber composite", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104, 1260 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25781
  2. S. H. Nah and A. G. Thomas, "Migration and blooming of waxes to the surface of rubber vulcanizates", Rubber Chem. Technol., 54, 255 (1981). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3535804
  3. A. L. Volynskii, T. Y. Grokhovskaya, A. Sanchez, G. M. Lukovkin, and N. F. Bakeyev, "Mechanism of the migration of a low molecular weight component in the system natural rubber vulcanizate-low molecular weight hydrocarbon", Polym. Sci. U.S.S.R., 30, 2220 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(88)90357-7
  4. D. Bielinski, P. Glab, L. Slusarski, G. Boiteux, and J.-P. Chapel, "Surface migration of carboxylic acid in styrene-butadiene rubber and its tribological consequences", J. Polym. Sci., 86, 3368 (2002).
  5. M. Hakkarainen, A.-C. Albertsson, and S. Karlsson, "Migration and emission of plasticizer and its degradation products during thermal aging of nitrile rubber", Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact., 8, 279 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660304883
  6. F. Ignatz-Hoover, B. H. To, R. N. Datta, A. G. De Hoog, N. M. Huntink, and A. G. Talma, "Chemical additive migration in rubber", Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 747 (2003). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547765
  7. S.-S. Choi, "Migration of antidegradants to the surface in NR and SBR vulcanizates", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65, 117 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970705)65:1<117::AID-APP15>3.0.CO;2-0
  8. S.-S. Choi, "Migration behaviors of antiozonants in binary rubber- based vulcanizates of NR, SBR, and BR", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 3130 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991220)74:13<3130::AID-APP15>3.0.CO;2-A
  9. S.-S. Choi, "Migration behaviors of antiozonants in triblend ulcanizates of NR, SBR, and BR", Elastomer, 35, 38 (2000).
  10. S.-S. Choi, "Influence of rubber composition on migration behaviors of antiozonants in carbon black-filled rubber vulcanizates composed of NR, SBR, and BR", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 81, 237 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1434
  11. S.-S. Choi, "Migration of antidegradants to the surface in NR vulcanizates: Influence of content of carbon black", Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc., 19, 170 (1998).
  12. S.-S. Choi, "Influence of silica content on migration of antidegradants to the surface in NR vulcanizates", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 68, 1821 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980613)68:11<1821::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-X
  13. S.-S. Choi, "Migration of antidegradants to the surface in NR vulcanizates containing both silica and carbon black", Kor. Polym. J., 6, 256 (1998).
  14. S.-S. Choi, "Influence of wax on migration of antiozonants in NR vulcanizates", Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc., 19, 1121 (1998).
  15. S.-S. Choi, "Migration behaviors of antiozonants to the surface in NR vulcanizates depending on season: The effect of wax", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, 1987 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990321)71:12<1987::AID-APP8>3.0.CO;2-B
  16. S.-S. Choi, "Migration behaviors of wax to the surface in rubber vulcanizates", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 73, 2587 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990923)73:13<2587::AID-APP5>3.0.CO;2-G
  17. S.-S. Choi, "Wax barrier effect on migration behaviors of antiozonants in NR vulcanizates", Elastomer, 34, 147 (1999).
  18. M. Giurginca and G. Ivan, "Antigradants migration from the rubber compositions in the presence of protective waxes", Mater. Plast., 33, 806 (1996).
  19. M. Sugiura, M. Horii, H. Hayashi, and M. Sasayama, "Application of sepiolite to prevent bleeding and blooming for EPDM rubber composition", Appl. Clay Sci., 11, 89 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(96)00013-0
  20. P. K. Freqkley and M. J. Bhala, "The effect of a coating materials on antiozonant blooming in natural rubber compounds", Kautsch. Gummi Kunst., 53, 224 (2000).
  21. O. A. Serenko, T. E. Grokhovskaya, A. L. Volynskii, and N. F. Bakeev, "The effect of vulcanizing agent on migration of low-molecular-mass component out of the system vulcanized rubber-low-molecular-mass hydrocarbon", Polym. Sci., 38, 806 (1996).
  22. O. A. Serenko, T. E. Grokhovskaya, A. L. Volynskii, and N. F. Bakeev, "The effect of fluctuation network in cross-linked rubber on the migration of low-molecular-mass component from the system comprising a rubber vulcanizates and a low-molecular- mass hydrocarbon", Polym. Sci., 38, 899 (1996).
  23. S.-S. Choi, "Influence of crosslink density on migration of antiozonants in NR vulcanizates", Kor. Polym. J., 7, 317 (1999).
  24. C. H. Chen, J. L. Koening, J. R. Shelton, and E. A. Collins, "Characterization of the reversion process in accelerated sulfur curing of natural rubber", Rubber Chem. Technol., 54, 734 (1981) https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3535831
  25. W. D. Langley, M. G. Rosenbaum, and M. M. Rosenbaum, "The solubility of calcium stearate in solutions containing bile and in water", J. Biol. Chem., 99, 271 (1932).