DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes in 40m sprint times after acute squat exercise

일회성 스쿼트 운동 후 40m 달리기 기록의 변화

  • Han, Gun-Soo (Department of Health Science, Kinesiology, Recreation and Dance, University of Arkansas)
  • Received : 2010.08.19
  • Accepted : 2010.10.15
  • Published : 2010.10.31

Abstract

In most sports, a key evaluator of athletic performance is sprinting speed. There are two trainable factors associated with speed including mechanical efficiency and force production. The squat exercise is one of the beneficial exercises implemented to enhance lower extremity power for sprinters. However, there has been little research on the optimal exercise intensity for sprinting performance. This study was to investigate whether performing different squat exercises prior to a 40m sprint would improve running speed. Ten male high school sprinters performed six 40m sprints following the different squat intensities (30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of 1RM). A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that 40m sprint times had significantly improved after 50% ($5.27{\pm}0.13$, p<0.0001) and 70% ($5.26{\pm}0.15$, p<0.0001) of 1RM squat exercises compared to sprint times not following a squat % ($5.33{\pm}0.16$). Performing squat exercises with intensities of 50% and 70% of 1RM may improve 40m sprint times. Therefore, it is suggested that coaches and sprinters could include a medium intensity squat exercise (70%) in the warm-up procedure in order to improve sprint performance.

경기력 향상을 위해 필요한 많은 체력 요소 중 스피드는 운동 동작의 효율성을 개선시키고 근력 및 근파워를 증가시킴으로써 향상될 수 있다. 스쿼트 운동은 하지 근파워 향상에 효과적이라고 잘 알려져 있지만 단거리 선수의 기록 향상을 위한 최적의 운동강도에 관한 연구는 아직도 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 일회성 스쿼트 운동의 효과를 검증하고 보다 객관적인 최적의 운동강도를 제시하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상자들은 육상 단거리 전국대회출전 경험이 있는 10명의 S고등학교 단거리 달리기 선수들이다. 총 5가지의 스쿼트 운동강도 (최대근력의 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%)를 설정하였으며, 다른 운동강도에서의 스쿼트 운동을 실시한 후 40m 달리기 기록을 측정하였으며 repeated-measures ANOVA를 이용하여 측정된 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 최대근력의 50% ($5.27{\pm}0.13$, p<0.0001) 및 70% ($5.26{\pm}0.15$, p<0.0001) 운동강도에서의 스쿼트 운동은 고등학교 남자 100m 달리기 선수들의 40m 달리기 기록을 향상시켰으며 특히 최대근력의 70%에서 40m 달리기 기록 가장 많이 단축되었다. 따라서 현장의 지도자 및 선수들은 본 연구결과를 참고로 하여 준비운동 후 스쿼트 운동을 실시하여 단거리 달리기 기록 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김동제, "상지의 전경각 및 등관절 각도가 출발속도에 미치는 영향", 미간행석사학위 논문, 서울대학교대학원, 1982.
  2. A. Smirniotou, et al., "Strength-power parameters as predictors of sprinting performance", Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Vol. No. 48, pp. 447-454, 2008.
  3. 백형훈, 성봉주, "육상 단거리 선수의 주기화 트레이닝이 근파워와 경기력에 미치는 영향", 한국운동과학회 논문지, 제13권, 제4호, pp. 513-524, 2004.
  4. D. Schmidtbleicher, "Training for power events. In Komi PV (ed), Strength and power in sport", Blackwell Scientific Publications, Berlin, pp. 381-95, 1992.
  5. M. W. Krzyzewski, "Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 127-141, 2001.
  6. J. M. Manning, et al., "Factor analysis of various anaerobic power tests", Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 138-144. 1998.
  7. A. I. Bissas, et al., "The use of various strengthpower tests as predictors of sprint running performance", Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Vol. 48, pp. 49-54, 2008.
  8. J. M. McBride, et al., "The acute effects of heavy-load squats and loaded countermovement jumps on sprint performance", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 19, pp. 893-897, 2005.
  9. M. Yetter, et al., "The acute effects of heavy back and front squats on speed during forty-meter sprint trials", Journal of Strength and conditioning Research, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 159-165, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f958d
  10. T. W. Nesser. et al., "Physiological determinants of 40-meter sprint performance in young male athletes". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 263-267, 1996.
  11. L. O. Amusa, et al., "Leg power and physical performance measures of top national track athletes", Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.61-67, 2003.
  12. B. W. Young, et al., "The effect of voluntary effort to influence speed of contraction on strength, muscular power, and hypertrophy development", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 7, pp. 172-178, 1993.
  13. G. J. Wilson, et al., "The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 25, pp. 1279-1286, 1993.
  14. D. A. Baker, "Series of studies on the training of high-intensity muscle power in rugby league football players", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 15, pp.198-209, 2001.
  15. M. G. Bemben. et al., "Effect of resistance training on upper body strength, power and performance", Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, Vol. 5, pp. 162-171, 1991.
  16. J. L. Mayhew, et al., "Changes in upper body power following heavy-resistance strength training in college men", International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 516-520, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972674
  17. 전해섭, "주기화 웨이트 트레이닝 프로그램이 레슬링 선수의 근기능에 미치는 영향", 미간행박사학위논문, 국민대학교 대학원, 2001.
  18. H. K. Seok. "Effects of Vibration Exercise on Plasma Lipid Components, Leptin Hormone and Body Composition", Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1993-2004, 2008
  19. H. E. Kim, "Effect of a Yoga-based Exercise Program on Physical Fitness and Immune Functions in Elderly Women", Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 75-84, 2007.
  20. S. J. Lee, et al.,2"Effects of Meridian Pressure and Shoulder Stretching Exercise on Fatigue and Shoulder Pain", Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 1357-1372. 2008.
  21. A. J. Blazevich, et al., "Effect of the movement speed of resistance training exercise on sprint and strength performance in concurrently training elite junior sprinters", Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 981-990, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102321011742
  22. G. R. Harris, et al., Short-term performance effects of high power, high force, or combined weight-training methods, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 14, pp. 14-20, 2000.
  23. P. G. Weyand, et al., "Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements", Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 89, pp. 1991-1999, 2000.