Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Organic Mulches on the Quality of "Niitaka" Pear Trees and Fruit

유기질 멀칭이 배 '신고' 나무의 과실 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Wu, Xiu-Yu (Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture) ;
  • Kim, Wol-Soo (Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Suk (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Jo, Jung-An (Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture)
  • Received : 2010.02.10
  • Accepted : 2010.07.02
  • Published : 2010.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the effects of organic mulches on the tree and fruit qualities of "Niitaka" (Pyrus pyriforia) pear trees. Trees grown with rice straw mulch had significantly greater potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) concentrations in leaves compared with control trees and those mulched using bark or polyethylene, but the concentrations were below the recommended levels for these nutrients in pear leaves. Bark mulch increased fruit firmness and soluble solid (SS) levels, compared with rice straw mulch. The fruit of trees grown with bark mulch had a higher ratio of SS to total acidity in fresh fruit, and the fruit was dark red in color. The K and Ca concentrations were highest in fruit grown on trees mulched with rice straw and bark, respectively, and competition between the levels of these cations was evident in fresh fruit. Bark and rice straw mulches increased overall fruit quality, and reduced fruit stone size, whereas a polyethylene mulch, devoid of organic material, resulted in a fruit stone size similar to that of the control.

본 연구는 유기질 멀칭에 의해 배 '신고' 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 수행되었다. 볏짚 멀칭은 엽중 칼륨, 마그네슘, 칼슘 함량을 높였지만 모두 적정농도 이하의 수준을 나타냈다. 과실의 경도는 참나무껍질에 의해 증가하였고 당도는 참나무껍질과 볏짚에 의해 증가하였다. 참나무 껍질은 가장 높은 당산비를 보였고 진한 붉은 계열의 과피색을 착색시켰다. 과실의 칼륨은 볏짚에서 칼슘은 참나무껍질에서 가장 높았으나, 두 무기성분간의 과실 내 흡수에 있어서 길항작용이 있었던 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로, 과실 품질을 향상시켰던 유기질 멀칭 자재인 참나무껍질과 볏짚은 석세포 함량을 감소시켰고 유기질이 투입되지 않는 폴리에틸렌은 대조구와 비슷한 석세포 함량을 보였다. 따라서 과원 내 유기질이 투입된 멀칭 시용은 과실 품질을 부분적으로 향상시켰고 과실의 씹힘성을 저해하는 석세포를 감소시켜서 과실의 품질 개선에 기여한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lotter, D.W. (2003) Organic agriculture. J. Sustainable Agric., 21, 59-128 https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v21n04_06
  2. Pulleman, M., Jongmans, A., Marinissen, J. and Bouma, J. (2003) Effects of organic versus conventional arable farming on soil structure and organic matter dynamics in a marine loam in the Netherlands. In: soil use and management, Blackwell Publishing, U.S.A., p.157-165
  3. Reganold, J.P., Elliott, L.F. and Unger, Y.L. (1987) Long-term effects of organic and conventional farming on soil erosion. Nature, 330, 370-372 https://doi.org/10.1038/330370a0
  4. Doles, J.L., Zimmerman, R.J. and Moore, J.C. (2001) Soil microarthropod community structure and dynamics in organic and conventionally managed apple orchards in Western Colorado, USA. Appl. Soil Ecol., 14, 83-96
  5. Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R.S. and Walker, P. (2002) How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 445-446 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110445
  6. Giles, J. (2004) Organic FAQs. Nature, 428, 796-798 https://doi.org/10.1038/428796a
  7. DeEll, J.R. and Prange, P.K. (1992) Postharvest quality and sensory attributes of organically and conventionally grown apples. Hort. Sci., 27, 1096-1099
  8. Andrews, P.K., Fellman, J.K., Glover, J.D. and Reganold, J.P. (2001) Soil and plant mineral nutrition and fruit quality under organic, conventional, and integrated apple production systems in Washington State, USA. Acta Hort., 564, 291-298
  9. Chalker-Scott, L. (2007) Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment - A Review. J. Environ. Hort., 25, 239-249
  10. Swezey, S.L., Werner, M.R., Buchanan, M. and Allison, J. (1998) Comparison of conventional and organic apple production systems during three years of conversion to organic management in coastal California. Am. J. Alternative Agric., 13, 162-180 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300007876
  11. Lang, A., Behboudian, M.H., Kidd, J. and Brown, H. (2001) Mulch enhances apple fruit storage quality. Acta Hort., 557, 433-439
  12. Choi, J.H., Suh, H.S., Choi, J.J., Park, H.S., Kim, W.S. and Lee, S.H. (2003) Anatomical observation on stone cell formation in fruit flesh of Asian pear 'Niitaka'. J. Korean. Soc. Hort. Sci., 44, 885-888
  13. Lee, X., Kim, W.S. and Choi, H.S. (2009) Effect of different organic fertilizers on the fruit quality in a pear orchard. Korean. J. Food Preserv., 16, 305-310
  14. Lee, J.E. and Kim, W.S. (2001) Morphological characters of stone cells on the effect on fruit quality of pears. J. Korean. Soc. Hort. Sci., 42, 449-452
  15. Stiles, W.C. and Reid, W.S. (1991) Orchard nutrition management. Cornell cooperative extension, Ithaca, USA, p.1-23
  16. Sen, F., Karacali, I., Irget, M.E., Elmaci, O.L. and Tepecik, M. (2010) A new strategy to enrich calcium nutrition of fruit: synergistic effects of postharvest foliar calcium and boron sprays. J. Plant Nutr., 33, 175-184 https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160903434246
  17. Faust, M. (1989) Nutrition of fruit trees. In: Physiology of temperate zone fruit trees, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, p.53-132
  18. Gaspar, T., Penel, C., Castillo, F.J. and Greppin, H. (1985) A two step control of basic and acidic peroxidases and its significance for growth and development. Physiol. Plant, 64, 418-423 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb03362.x
  19. Lee, S.H., Choi, J.H., Kim, W.S., Park, Y.S. and Gemma, H. (2007) Effects of calcium chloride on peroxidase activity and stone cell development in pear fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia) 'Niitaka'. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 76, 191-196 https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.76.191