DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of the Problem-based Learning Utilizing Cognitive Algorithms in Elementary Mathematics Education

인지 기제 활용 문제 기반 학습의 수학 교육 효과 분석

  • Received : 2011.09.27
  • Accepted : 2011.10.12
  • Published : 2011.11.30

Abstract

The study analyzed effects of the problem-based learning utilizing cognitive algorithms in elementary mathematics education in terms of academic achievement and math attitude changes. In order to solve the research questions, a cognitive algorithm-based PBL model was derived based on N. Landa's algorithm-based instructional design theory. And the model was applied to a part of second semester math curriculum for 4th grade of an elementary school located in Seoul. The results showed that the PBL utilizing algorithms can be said to have effects on academic achievement. The PBL model is also considered to have positive effects in enhancing mathematical attitudes of the learners.

이 연구는 문제기반학습의 수행과정에서 학습자들이 느끼는 어려움을 해소하고 인지활동을 돕기 위해 인지기제 활용 방안을 제안하고 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 인지기제 활용 문제기반학습을 설계하고, 초등학교 4학년 2학기 수학과에서 실험단원을 선정하여 인지기제 활용 문제기반학습의 각 단계에 따라 수업을 하고, 학업성취도와 수학적 태도의 관점에서 효과성을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 서울특별시 소재 'ㅈ' 초등학교 4학년 학생들 중 사전 학업성취도와 수학적 태도 검사에서 동질집단으로 확인된 2개 학급 56명이었다. 연구결과 첫째, 인지기제 활용 문제기반학습은 실험집단과 통제집단의 학업성취도에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 수학적 태도 변화에 있어서도 두 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 특히 수학에 대한 자아개념, 수학에 대한 태도 영역에서 차이가 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Barrows, H. S., & Myers, A. C., "Problem-based learning in secondary schools." Unpublished monograph. Springfield, IL: Problem-based learning institute, Lanphier High School and Southern Illinois University Medical School, 1993.
  2. Delisle, R., "How to use problem-based learning in the classroom", Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum, 1997.
  3. IMSA, PBL teaching and learning template. Retrieved Apr,1,2011,from http://pbln.imsa.edu/model/template/.
  4. Karen, "Issues in modified Problem Based Learning: A study in pre-service teacher education," A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association. Chicago, IL., 2003.
  5. Kirschner, P., Strijbos, J. W., Kreijns, K., & Jelle Beers, P., "Designing electronic collaborative learnin g environments," ETR&D, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp.47-66, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504675
  6. Landa, N., "Algorithmization in learning and instru ction," Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1974.
  7. Landa, N., "The algo-heuristic theory of instruction," In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design the ories and models: An overview of their current status. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associ ates., 1983.
  8. Landa, N., "A fragment of a lesson based on the algo-heuristic theory of instruction," In Ch. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional theories in action: lessons illustrating selected theories and models. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987.
  9. Landa, N., "Landamatics ten years late," Educational Technology, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp.7-18, 1993.
  10. Landa, N., "The algo-heuristic theory and metho dology of learning, performance, and instruction as a paradigm," In Drills, C. R., & Romiszowski, A. J. (Ed.), Instructional development paradigms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1997.
  11. Landa, N., "Landamatics instructional design theory and methodology for teaching general meth ods of thinking," NY: Landamatics Intern ational, 1998.
  12. Pederson, S, Arslanyilmaz, A., & Williams, D., " Teachers' assessment-related local adaptations of a problem-based learning module." ETR&D, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp.229-249., 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9044-7
  13. Poikela, E., & Poikela, S, "Problem-based curr icula.- theory, development and design." In Poikela, E., & Nummenmaa, A. R. (Ed.), Understanding problem-based learning. Tampere, Finland: University of Tampere, 2006.
  14. Reed, E. S., "Cognition as the cooperative appro priation of affordances. Ecological Psychology," Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.135-158, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0302_5
  15. Rikers, R., & Bruin, A., "Introduction to the special issue on innovations in problem-based learning." Advances in Health Sciences Education, Vol. 11, pp.315-319, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-006-9011-9
  16. Savery, J. R., & Duffy, T. M., "Problem based learning: An instructional model and its constructivist framework." In Brent G. Wilson (Ed.), Constructivist learning environments: case studies in instructional design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology, 1996.
  17. Torp, L., & Sage, S, "Possibilities; Problem-based learning for K-16 education," Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development(ASCD), 2002.
  18. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, "The 2007 Elementary School Educational Curriculum Revision," Seoul: Korea Textbooks, 2008.
  19. khkim & yscho, "A Study of the Characteristics of Learning Activities during Each Stage of Problem-Based Learning," The Journal of Elementary Education, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.269-296, 2008.
  20. mhkim & hjkwon, "The Effect of Problem Based Learning on Academic Achievement and Mathematical Attitudes of the Middle and High Class Students," Journal of the korean School Mathematics Society, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp.172-193, 2009.
  21. bykim, dyjung, & wkjung, "A Study of Mathematical Attitudes through Problem-Based Learning," Communications of mathematical education, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.253-269, 2005.
  22. jskim, hkkang, & hjlim, "The Effect of Proble m-Based Learning on Creative Problem Solving Skills and Achievement in Elementary Science," Elementary science education, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.382-389, 2009.
  23. ehpark, "The Effect of Means Providing Problems on Academic Achievement and Learning Interest in Problem Based Learning," Unpublished Thesis from Korea University, 2007.
  24. jspang, "The role of tools in mathematical learning: Coordinating mathematical and ecological affordances," The journal of educational research in mathematics, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.331-351, 2002.
  25. mloh, "The Effect of Constructivist Problem-Based Learning on Learning Achievement and Affective Features," Unpublished Dissertation from Korea University, 1999.
  26. sylee, "Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Atti tude and Problem Solving Ability for the Environmental Education in Elementary School," Unpublished Thesis from Seokang University, 2003.
  27. jdlee, "A PBL(Problem-Based Learning) case study on elementary mathematic class: The learner as a knowledge constructor and diverse mathmatical ideas," Unpublished Thesis from Kyunghee University, 2000.
  28. hjlee, "Effects of problem solving ability and achiev ement in learning on supplement by problem-based instruction," Unpublished Thesis from Gongju National Univeristy of Education, 2004.
  29. jachang, "Theoretical Study of Teacher's Roles for implementing PBL," Journal of Education Development, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.101-124, 2005.
  30. jsjeong, "The Effects of PBL on the Academic Achievement and Attitude in Science of the Elementary School," Unpublished Thesis from Gongju National Univeristy of Education, 2004.
  31. nheo, "Study to Develop Criteria to Judge Math ematical Problems and a Learning Model in Mathematics Problem-Based Learning," Unpublis hed Dissertation from Sungkyunkwan University, 2009.