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Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Dam-break Waves on a Fixed and Movable Bed

고정상 및 이동상 수로에서 댐 붕괴파의 3차원 수치해석

  • 김대근 (목포대학교 공과대학 토목공학과) ;
  • 황건 (목포대학교 공과대학 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2010.12.27
  • Accepted : 2011.04.29
  • Published : 2011.08.31

Abstract

This study analyzed the propagation of dam-break waves in an area directly downstream of a dam by using 3D numerical modeling with RANS as the governing equation. In this area, the flow of the waves has three dimensional characteristics due to the instantaneous dam break. In particular, the dam-break flows are characterized by a highly unsteady and discontinuous flow, a mixture of the sharp flood waves and their reflected waves, a mixture of subcritical and supercritical flow, and propagation in a dry and movable bed. 2D numerical modeling, in which the governing equation is the shallow water equation, was regarded as restricted in terms of dealing with the sharp fluctuation of the water level at the dam-breaking point and water level vibration at the reservoir. However, in this 30 analysis of flood wave propagation due to partial dam breaking and dam-break in channels with $90^{\circ}$ bend, those phenomena were properly simulated. In addition, the flood wave and bed profiles in a movable bed with a flat/upward/downward bed step, which represents channel aggradation or degradation, was also successfully simulated.

본 연구에서는 RANS를 지배방정식으로 하는 3치원 수치모의를 이용하여 댐 붕괴로 인한 3차원적인 흐름 특징이 지배하는 댐 직하류에서 댐 붕괴파의 전파 현상, 특히 홍수파의 비정상성과 불연속성, 홍수파와 그 빈사파의 영향, 상류 및 사류 흐름의 혼재, 마른 하도에서의 전파, 이동상 수로에서의 전파와 같은 복잡한 현상을 포함하는 홍수파의 전파를 해석하였다. 부분 댐 붕괴로 인한 홍수파의 전파 해석과 90${\circ}$ 만곡을 가지는 실험수로에서의 홍수파 전파 해석에서는, 2차원 천수방정식을 지배방정식으로 사용하는 수치모의의 한계점으로 지적되었던 댐 붕괴 지점에서의 급격한 수위 변화와 저수지에서의 수위 진동 현상을 제대로 모의할 수 있었다. 또한 댐을 경계로 상류와 하류의 지형이 평행하거나 상류가 높은 또는 하류가 높은 계단형의 이동상 수로에서의 홍수파의 전파 및 하상변동을 성공적으로 모의할 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 목포대학교

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