DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact of Pig Slurry from WangGoong Farm Cluster on Water Quality of the Iksan Stream

  • Choi, Hong-Lim (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Suresh, A. (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Babu, T. (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Mansyur, Mansyur (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2011.04.19
  • Accepted : 2011.07.25
  • Published : 2011.12.31

Abstract

Livestock wastewater is being discharged without treatment from Hasen's pig farm cluster in WangGoong (WG) area into the Iksan Stream, eventually flowing into the ManGyung (MG) at the upstream junction. Although it is well known that before discharge, wastewater must satisfy the pig slurry discharge standards; because of ongoing remodeling, proper treatment is not being performed. According to public records, wastewater from the WG pig farm cluster is responsible for 3.6% of MG River pollution and 2.0% of the SaeManGuem (SMG) Reservoir pollution. As a result, upstream water treatment quality has become primary concern for development of the SMG project. All physicochemical constituents and pathogenic microbes, such as chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella at the effluent of WG Plant (S-1) exceed the effluent standards. This is mainly due to insufficient wastewater treatment: the WG Plant is under renovation to increase water purification efficiency. By comparing the water quality at the S-7 junction, where the the Iksan Stream (pig farms) and the Wanggoong Stream (no pig farms) merge, it is clear that farming facilities and improper treatment can critically affect surrounding water quality. While it is clear throughout this study that the level of all physicochemical parameters and pathogenic microbes along the Stream decreased due to sedimentation, biodegradation and/or dilution. An alarming problem was discovered: the existence of pathogenic microbe count(E coli, Salmonella) in the lagoon wastewater and the stream water. Not only were high concentrations of these pathogens themselves found, but the potential existence of more serious pathogens could rise to more dangerous conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
  2. Bartram, J., Wayne, W., Carmichael, Chorus, I., Jones, G. and Olav Skulberg, M. 1999. Chapter 1. Introduction, In: Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water. A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. World Health Organization. URL: WHO document, Accessed on 7th April 2011.
  3. Begum, A., Ramaiah, M., Harikrishna, Khan, I. and Veena, K. 2009. Heavy metal pollution and chemical profile of Cauvery river water. E-Journal of Chemistry, 6:47-52. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/154610
  4. Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N. and Smith, V. H. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorous and nitrogen. Ecol. Appl. 8:559-568. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2
  5. Earl, S. R., Valett, H. M. and Webster, J. R. 2006. Nitrogen saturation in stream ecosystem. Ecology, 87:3140-3151. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3140:NSISE]2.0.CO;2
  6. EEA. 2003. Organic matters in river, European Environment Agency. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/organicmatter- in-rivers Accessed on 7th April 2011.
  7. Hall, R. O. Jr. 2003. A stream's role in watershed nutrient export. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:10137-10138. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1934477100
  8. Johnson, P. T. J., Chase, J. M., Dosch, K. L., Hartson, R. B., Gross, J. A., Larson, D. J., Sutherland, D. R. and Carpenter, S. R. 2007. Aquatic eutrophication promotes infection in amphibians. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:15781-15786. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707763104
  9. McDowell, R. W. and Sharpley, A. N. 2003. Uptake and release of phosphorous from overland flow in a stream environment. J. Environ. Qual. 32:937-948. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.0937
  10. Merseburger, G. C., Marti, E. and Sabater, F. 2005. Net changes in nutrient concentrations below a point source input in two streams draining catchments with contrasting land uses. Sci. Total Environ. 347:217-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.022
  11. Michaud, J. P. 1994. Measuring Total Suspended Solids and Turbidity in lakes and streams. A Citizen's Guide to Understanding and Monitoring Lakes and Streams. State of Washington, Department of Ecology.
  12. Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, Major polices, Water Quality and Water Ecosystems, Standards for Water quality Environment, Rivers and Streams. http://eng.me.go.kr/content.do? method=moveContent&menuCode=pol_wat_sta_sta_rivers Accessed on 7th April 2011.
  13. Strock, J. S., Dell, C. J. and Schmidt, J. P. 2007. Managing natural processes in drainage ditches for nonpoint source nitrogen control. J. Soil Water Conserv., 62:188-196.
  14. Suresh, A., Choi, H. L., Lee, J. H., Zhu, K., Yao, H. Q., Choi, H. J., Moon, O. K., Park, C. K. and Kim, J. J. 2009a. Pig Slurry Characterization and Prediction Equations for Nutrients in South Korean Farms. Trans. ASABE 52:267-273. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.25947
  15. Suresh, A., Choi, H. L., Oh, I. D. and Moon, O. K. 2009b. Prediction of the nutrients value and biochemical characteristics of pig slurry by measurement of EC-Electrical conductivity. Bioresour. Technol. 100:4683-4689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.006
  16. WEPA. 2007. State of water, Republic of Korea, Water Environment partnership in Asia. http://www.wepa-db.net/ policies/state/southkorea/southkorea.htm Accessed on 7th April 2011.
  17. Zhu, K., Choi, H. L., Yao, H. Q., Suresh, A. and Oh, D. I. 2009. Effects of Anaerobically digested pig slurry application on runoff and leachate. Chem. Ecol. 25:359-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540903193114