DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Trends in Ginseng Research in 2010

  • Kim, Si-Kwan (Department of Life Sciences, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Hill (College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2011.11.01
  • Accepted : 2011.11.22
  • Published : 2011.12.26

Abstract

A total of 470 papers directly related to research on the Panax species were retrieved by performing internet searches with the keywords Panax and ginseng as the search terms. The publications were categorized as follows: 399 research articles, 30 reviews, 30 meeting abstracts, 7 proceedings, and 4 letters. The majority of these publications were published by scientists from Korea (35.7%), China (32.3%), and the USA (11.3%). Scientists from a total of 29 nations were actively involved in conducting ginseng research. A total of 43.6% of the publications were categorized as pharmacodynamic studies. The effects of ginseng on cerebrovascular function and cancer were the two most common topics considered in the pharmacodynamic studies. More than half of the ginseng studies assessed the use of P. ginseng. A total of 23 countries participated in studies specifically related to P. ginseng, and more than 80% of these studies originated from Korea and China. A total of 50 topics within the pharmacodynamics category were examined in association with the use of P. ginseng.

Keywords

References

  1. Scholey A, Ossoukhova A, Owen L, Ibarra A, Pipingas A, He K, Roller M, Stough C. Effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on neurocognitive function: an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;212:345-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1964-y
  2. Wang W, Liao QP, Quan LH, Liu CY, Chang Q, Liu XM, Liao YH. The effect of Acorus gramineus on the bioavailabilities and brain concentrations of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re and $Rb_1$ after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San preparations in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;131:313-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.034
  3. Hao H, Lai L, Zheng C, Wang Q, Yu G, Zhou X, Wu L, Gong P, Wang G. Microsomal cytochrome p450-mediated metabolism of protopanaxatriol ginsenosides: metabolite profile, reaction phenotyping, and structure-metabolism relationship. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:1731-1739. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.110.033845
  4. Cui X, Jin Y, Poudyal D, Chumanevich AA, Davis T, Windust A, Hofseth A, Wu W, Habiger J, Pena E et al. Mechanistic insight into the ability of American ginseng to suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:1734-1741. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgq163
  5. Cheng JT. Merit of ginseng in the improvement of insulin resistance. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:155-159. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.155
  6. Park JW, Lee BJ, Bu Y, Yeo I, Kim J, Ryu B. Effects of Korean red ginseng on dry mouth: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:183-191. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.183
  7. Chung IM, Lim JW, Pyun WB, Kim H. Korean red ginseng improves vascular stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:212-218. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.212
  8. Musende AG, Eberding A, Jia W, Ramsay E, Bally MB, Guns ET. $Rh_2$ or its aglycone aPPD in combination with docetaxel for treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 2010;70:1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.21179
  9. Sakamoto S, Pongkitwitoon B, Nakamura S, Maenaka K, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Efficient silkworm expression of single-chain variable fragment antibody against ginsenoside Re using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid DNA system and its application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quality control of total ginsenosides. J Biochem 2010;148:335-340. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvq072
  10. Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010;25:462-471. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1138
  11. Kim Y, Choi EH, Doo M, Kim JY, Kim CJ, Kim CT, Kim IH. Anti-stress effects of ginseng via down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine $\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH) gene expression in immobilization-stressed rats and PC12 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2010;4:270-275. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2010.4.4.270
  12. Li SL, Lai SF, Song JZ, Qiao CF, Liu X, Zhou Y, Cai H, Cai BC, Xu HX. Decocting-induced chemical transformations and global quality of Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng evaluated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based chemical profiling approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010;53:946-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.001
  13. Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. American ginseng: potential structure-function relationship in cancer chemoprevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80:947-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.023
  14. Zhao Q, Zheng X, Jiang J, Zhou H, Hu P. Determination of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010;878:2266-2273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.06.019
  15. Yan Q, Zhou W, Shi XL, Zhou P, Ju DW, Feng MQ. Biotransformation pathways of ginsenoside $Rb_1$ to compound K by beta-glucosidases in fungus Paecilomyces Bainier sp. 229. Process Biochem 2010;45:1550-1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.007
  16. Xue YL, Xiao TQ, Wu LH, Chen C, Guo RY, Du GH, Xie HL, Deng B, Ren YQ, Xu HJ. Investigation of characteristic microstructures of wild ginseng by X-ray phase contrast microscopy. Acta Phys Sinica 2010;59:5496-5507.
  17. Sahashi Y, Osaka I, Taira S. Nutrition analysis by nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2010;123:865-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.008
  18. Li J, Ichikawa T, Jin Y, Hofseth LJ, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Windust A, Cui T. An essential role of Nrf2 in American ginseng-mediated anti-oxidative actions in cardiomyocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;130:222-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.040
  19. Baek SH, Lee JG, Park SY, Bae ON, Kim DH, Park JH. Pectic polysaccharides from Panax ginseng as the antirotavirus principals in ginseng. Biomacromolecules 2010;11:2044-2052. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm100397p
  20. Liu Y, Zhang HG, Jia Y, Li XH. Panax notoginseng saponins attenuate atherogenesis accelerated by zymosan in rabbits. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.1324
  21. Sousa PH, Ramos AM, Maia GA, de Brito ES, Garruti DS, da Fonseca AV. Addition of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng extracts to mixed tropical fruit nectars. Cienc Technol Aliment 2010;30:463-470. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612010000200025
  22. Chan HH, Sun HD, Reddy MV, Wu TS. Potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from the roots of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer var. major. Phytochemistry 2010;71:1360-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.013
  23. Zhao CL, Cui XM, Chen YP, Liang Q. Key enzymes of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and the induction of their activities and gene expressions in plants. Nat Prod Commun 2010;5:1147-1158.
  24. Son D, Lee JW, Lee P, Bae KH. Glycemic index of Insu 100 (R) herbal preparation containing Korean red ginseng, carob, mulberry, and banaba. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:89-92. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.2.089
  25. Lei FJ, Zhang AH, Xu YH, Zhang LX. Allelopathic effects of ginsenosides on in vitro growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of ginseng callus. J Allelopath 2010;26:13-22.
  26. Kim HJ, Joo SH, Choi I, Kim P, Kim MK, Park SH, Cheong JH, Shin CY. Effects of red ginseng on neonatal hypoxia-induced hyperacitivity phenotype in rats. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:8-16. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2010.34.1.008
  27. Lee MR, Yun BS, Liu L, Zhang DL, Wang Z, Wang CL, Gu LJ, Wang CY, Mo EK, Sung CK. Effect of black ginseng on memory improvement in the amnesic mice induced by scopolamine. J Ginseng Res 2010;34:51-58. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2010.34.1.051
  28. Ma J, Li W, Tian R, Lei W. Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rat model of nerve crush injury. Neurosci Lett 2010;478:66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.064
  29. Ha SE, Shin DH, Kim HD, Shim SM, Kim HS, Kim BH, Lee JS, Park JK. Effects of ginsenoside $Rg_2$ on the ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage responses in HaCaT cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010;382:89-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-010-0522-9
  30. Zhang YL, Chen JB, Lei Y, Zhou Q, Sun SQ, Noda I. Evaluation of different grades of ginseng using Fourier-transform infrared and two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2010;974:94-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.12.027
  31. Kim TH, Lee SM. The effects of ginseng total saponin, panaxadiol and panaxatriol on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1516-1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.018
  32. Khalid S, Tahir M, Lone KP. Histological changes in the fetal brain of albino mouse after maternal treatment with Panax ginseng. Pakistan J Zool 2010;42:645-650.
  33. Dai J, Orsat V. Extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) root. Int J Food Eng 2010;6:article 3.
  34. Wang T, Yu X, Qu S, Xu H, Han B, Sui D. Effect of ginsenoside Rb3 on myocardial injury and heart function impairment induced by isoproterenol in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010;636:121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.035
  35. Sharma SK, Bisht MS, Pandit MK. Synaptic mutation-driven male sterility in Panax sikkimensis Ban. (Araliaceae) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Plant Syst Evol 2010;287:29-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0286-1
  36. Shen Y, Li YQ, Li SP, Ma L, Ding LJ, Ji H. Alleviation of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by Panax notoginseng saponins. J Nat Med 2010;64:336-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0416-7
  37. Kang KS, Yamabe N, Kim HY, Park JH, Yokozawa T. Effects of heat-processed ginseng and its active component ginsenoside 20(S)-$Rg_3$ on the progression of renal damage and dysfunction in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:1077-1081. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.1077
  38. Dewir YH, Chakrabarty D, Wu CH, Hahn EJ, Jeon WK, Paek KY. Influences of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on growth and secondary metabolite accumulation in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer adventitious roots cultured in air-lift bioreactors. S Afr J Bot 2010;76:354-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.008
  39. Kim J, Lee JS, Shin A, Kang MH, Shin DS, Chung HR, Kim WK. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are associated with the use of dietary supplements in a Korean population. J Epidemiol 2010;20:197-203. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20090064
  40. Jager AK, Saaby L, Kudsk DS, Witt KC, Molgaard P. Short communication: influence of pasteurization on the active compounds in medicinal plants to be used in dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2010;93:2351-2353. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2910
  41. Lee TK, O'Brien KF, Wang W, Johnke RM, Sheng C, Benhabib SM, Wang T, Allison RR. Radioprotective effect of American ginseng on human lymphocytes at 90 minutes postirradiation: a study of 40 cases. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:561-567. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0590
  42. Huang YC, Lin CY, Huang SF, Lin HC, Chang WL, Chang TC. Effect and mechanism of ginsenosides CK and Rg1 on stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:6039-6047. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9034755
  43. Xu J, Seo AY, Vorobyeva DA, Carter CS, Anton SD, Lezza AM, Leeuwenburgh C. Beneficial effects of a Q-ter based nutritional mixture on functional performance, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2010;5:e10572. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010572
  44. Kim CS, Jo YJ, Park SH, Kim HJ, Han JY, Hong JT, Cheong JH, Oh KW. Anti-stress effects of ginsenoside Rg(3)-standardized ginseng extract in restraint stressed animals. Biomol Ther 2010;18:219-225. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.2.219
  45. Li Y, Tang J, Khatibi NH, Zhu M, Chen D, Zheng W, Wang S. Ginsenoside Rbeta1 reduces neurologic damage, is anti-apoptotic, and down-regulates p53 and BAX in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Neurovasc Res 2010;7:85-94. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720210791184952
  46. Jovanovski E, Jenkins A, Dias AG, Peeva V, Sievenpiper J, Arnason JT, Rahelic D, Josse RG, Vuksan V. Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) and its isolated ginsenosides and polysaccharides on arterial stiffness in healthy individuals. Am J Hypertens 2010;23:469-472. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2010.5
  47. Leonti M, Casu L, Raduner S, Cottiglia F, Floris C, Altmann KH, Gertsch J. Falcarinol is a covalent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist and induces pro-allergic effects in skin. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;79:1815-1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.015
  48. Chai H, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhou W. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates homocysteine-augmented guidewire injury-induced intimal hyperplasia in mice. J Surg Res 2009;157:193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.07.005
  49. Dickman JR, Koenig RT, Ji LL. American ginseng supplementation induces an oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Nutr 2009;28:219-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10719773
  50. Oh KJ, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park K. Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical study. J Sex Med 2010;7(4 Pt 1):1469-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01700.x
  51. Chang CH, Liao TC, Hsu YM, Fang HW, Chen CC, Lin FH. A poly(propylene fumarate)--calcium phosphate based angiogenic injectable bone cement for femoral head osteonecrosis. Biomaterials 2010;31:4048-4055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.124
  52. Zhang HA, Wang M, Zhou J, Yao QY, Ma JM, Jiang CL. Protective effect of ginsenoside against acute renal failure and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus. Physiol Res 2010;59:61-70.
  53. Rosner M. Geochemical and instrumental fundamentals for accurate and precise strontium isotope data of food samples: comment on 'determination of the strontium isotope ratio by ICP-MS ginseng as a tracer of regional origin.' Food Chem 2010;121:918-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.019
  54. Yoo JH, Kwon HC, Kim YJ, Park JH, Yang HO. KG-135, enriched with selected ginsenosides, inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in culture and inhibits xenograft growth in athymic mice. Cancer Lett 2010;289:99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.008
  55. Wahid F, Jung H, Khan T, Hwang KH, Kim YY. Effects of red ginseng extract on visual sensitivity and ERG b-wave of bullfrog's eye. Planta Med 2010;76:426-432. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1186196
  56. Sagar SM. Can the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy be increased by concurrent administration of Asian botanicals? Integr Cancer Ther 2010;9:5-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735409356981
  57. Kim KR, Chung TY, Shin H, Son SH, Park KK, Choi JH, Chung WY. Red ginseng saponin extract attenuates murine collagen-induced arthritis by reducing pro-inflammatory responses and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:604-610. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.604
  58. Thomson GE. Further consideration of Asian medicinal plants in treating common chronic diseases in the West. J Med Plant Res 2010;4:125-130.
  59. Ock SM, Hwang SS, Lee JS, Song CH, Ock CM. Dietary supplement use by South Korean adults: data from the national complementary and alternative medicine use survey (NCAMUS) in 2006. Nutr Res Pract 2010;4:69-74. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2010.4.1.69
  60. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan NS, El-Kady AA, Khadrawy YA, El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Sharaf HA, Mannaa FA. Red ginseng extract protects against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins-induced hepatic pre-cancerous lesions in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:733-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.006
  61. Shin S, Jang JY, Park D, Yon JM, Baek IJ, Hwang BY, Nam SY, Yun YW, Kim KY, Joo SS et al. Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo-fetal death or abnormalities in mice. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2010;89:78-85.
  62. Wen HW, Hsieh MF, Wang YT, Chung HP, Hsieh PC, Lin IH, Chou FI. Application of gamma irradiation in ginseng for both photodegradation of pesticide pentachloronitrobenzene and microbial decontamination. J Hazard Mater 2010;176:280-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.025
  63. Quan C, Shang YG, Li SF, Tang SK, Huang T, Fang X. Kinetic study of supercritical fluid extraction of organochlorine pesticides from ginseng by Simulink (R) simulation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2010;41:44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2009.04.005
  64. Lin WN, Lu HY, Lee MS, Yang SY, Chen HJ, Chang YS, Chang WT. Evaluation of the cultivation age of dried ginseng radix and its commercial products by using (1)H-NMR fingerprint analysis. Am J Chin Med 2010;38:205-218. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X10007762
  65. Kim DH, Chang JK, Shon HJ, Cho BG, Ko SR, Nho KB, Jang DS, Lee SM. Certification of a pure reference material for the ginsenoside Rg (1). Accred Qual Assur 2010;15:81-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-009-0588-6
  66. Gravas S, Tzortzis V, Rountas C, Melekos MD. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and garlic consumption: a lesson to learn. Urol Res 2010;38:61-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-009-0242-0
  67. Li XY, Liang J, Tang YB, Zhou JG, Guan YY. Ginsenoside Rd prevents glutamate-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010;37:199-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05286.x
  68. Kim SH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Moon C, Kim JC, Park HR, Jung U, Jang JS, Jo SK. Protective effect of an herbal preparation (HemoHIM) on radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. J Med Food 2009;12:1353-1358. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1322

Cited by

  1. Ginsenoside-Rp1 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signalling pathway, tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activation vol.167, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01967.x
  2. Bioconversion of ginsenoside Rc into Rd by a novel α-l-arabinofuranosidase, Abf22-3 from Leuconostoc sp. 22-3: cloning, expression, and enzyme characterization vol.103, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9856-2
  3. Sphingomonas ginsenosidivorax sp. nov., with the ability to transform ginsenosides vol.103, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-9916-2
  4. The Amelioration of N-Acetyl-p-Benzoquinone Imine Toxicity by Ginsenoside Rg3: The Role of Nrf2-Mediated Detoxification and Mrp1/Mrp3 Transports vol.2013, pp.1942-0994, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/957947
  5. )-Rg3 vol.288, pp.29, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.445734
  6. Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Its Application for Enhanced Production of Minor Ginsenoside F2 vol.9, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085727
  7. Identification and Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-Glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and Its Application for Enhanced Production of Minor Ginsenoside Rg2(S) vol.9, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096914
  8. strain TH-10a vol.46, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2015.1031391
  9. Serum and Brain Metabolomic Variations Reveal Perturbation of Sleep Deprivation on Rats and Ameliorate Effect of Total Ginsenoside Treatment vol.2017, pp.2314-4378, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5179271
  10. Ameliorative Effects and Possible Molecular Mechanism of Action of Black Ginseng (Panax ginseng) on Acetaminophen-Mediated Liver Injury vol.22, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040664
  11. State of Panax ginseng Research: A Global Analysis vol.22, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091518
  12. Ginseng on Nuclear Hormone Receptors vol.45, pp.06, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X17500628
  13. Caspase-mediated anti-apoptotic effect of Ginsenoside Rg5, a main rare ginsenoside, on Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice pp.1520-5118, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03361
  14. vol.79, pp.19, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01150-13
  15. Development of a single-tube nested PCR-lateral flow biosensor assay for rapid and accurate detection of Alternaria panax Whetz vol.13, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206462
  16. Ganoderma: A Cancer Immunotherapy Review vol.9, pp.1663-9812, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01217
  17. impaired glycoprotein VI signaling pp.1369-1635, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2018.1479033
  18. Comprehensive analysis of Panax ginseng root transcriptomes vol.15, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0527-0
  19. Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes: Stabilization of Mitochondria and the Inhibition of Caspase-3 vol.36, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.242
  20. Korean Red Ginseng Saponin Fraction Downregulates Proinflammatory Mediators in LPS Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Protects Mice against Endotoxic Shock vol.36, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.263
  21. The Effect of Red Ginseng Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines after Chemotherapy in Children vol.36, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.383
  22. Intake of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Saponin Enhances the Protection Conferred by Vaccination with Inactivated Influenza A Virus vol.36, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.396
  23. Repeated Administration of Korea Red Ginseng Extract Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep via GABAAergic Systems vol.36, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.403
  24. Korean red ginseng extract prevents APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity through metabolic enzyme regulation: The role of ginsenoside Rg3, a protopanaxadiol vol.33, pp.7, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12046
  25. The root transcriptome for North American ginseng assembled and profiled across seasonal development vol.14, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-564
  26. Novosphingobium ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., with the Ability to Convert Ginsenoside vol.23, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1212.12053
  27. Characterizing a full spectrum of physico-chemical properties of (20S)-and (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 to be proposed as standard reference materials vol.37, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.124
  28. Ginseng for managing menopause symptoms: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials vol.37, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.30
  29. Protective effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cadmium-induced hepatic toxicity in rats vol.37, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.37
  30. Ginseng total saponin modulates podocyte p130Cas in diabetic condition vol.37, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.94
  31. Inhibitory effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng via vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein-Ser157 phosphorylation on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation vol.37, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.176
  32. Insilico profiling of microRNAs in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) vol.37, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.227
  33. Chemical diversity of ginseng saponins from Panax ginseng vol.39, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.12.005
  34. Inhibitory Effects of Cytosolic Ca 2+ Concentration by Ginsenoside Ro Are Dependent on Phosphorylation of IP 3 RI and Dephosphorylation of ERK in Human Platelets vol.2015, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/764906
  35. 박하(薄荷)의 국내·외 연구동향과 『본초학』, 한국표준질병사인분류의 상관관계에 대한 연구 vol.30, pp.5, 2011, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2015.30.5.29.
  36. Translational potential of ginsenoside Rb1 in managing progression of osteoarthritis vol.6, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2016.03.001
  37. Ginseng, the natural effectual antiviral: Protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng against viral infection vol.40, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.09.002
  38. Inhibitory Effects of Total Saponin Korean Red Ginseng on Thromboxane A2 Production and P-Selectin Expression via Suppressing Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases vol.23, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2017.23.4.310
  39. Ginsenoside Rb1, A Major Saponin from Panax ginseng , Exerts Protective Effects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice vol.47, pp.8, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500927
  40. Extension of Drosophila lifespan by Korean red ginseng through a mechanism dependent on dSir2 and insulin/IGF-1 signaling vol.11, pp.21, 2011, https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102387
  41. Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance Panax ginseng yields vol.14, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-019-0241-1
  42. Co-immunomodulatory Activities of Anionic Macromolecules Extracted from Codium fragile with Red Ginseng Extract on Peritoneal Macrophage of Immune-Suppressed Mice vol.30, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1909.09062
  43. Enzymatic Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb2 into Rd by Recombinant α-L-Arabinopyranosidase from Blastococcus saxobsidens vol.30, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1910.10065
  44. Highly efficient production of diverse rare ginsenosides using combinatorial biotechnology vol.117, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27325
  45. The bHLH gene family and its response to saline stress in Jilin ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer vol.295, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01658-w
  46. Different absorption and metabolism of ginsenosides after the administration of total ginsenosides and decoction of Panax ginseng vol.34, pp.13, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8788
  47. Ginseng: A bibliometric analysis of 40-year journey of global clinical trials vol.34, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.016