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Effects of Added Harvey Powder on the Quality of Yulmoo Kimchi

톳가루의 첨가가 열무김치의 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Moon, Sung-Won (Dept. of Hotel Food Service and Culinary Arts, Youngdong University) ;
  • Lee, Myung-Ki (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 문성원 (영동대학교 호텔외식조리학과) ;
  • 이명기 (한국식품연구원 산업진흥연구본부 전통식품연구단)
  • Received : 2010.11.30
  • Accepted : 2011.01.25
  • Published : 2011.03.31

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the effects of harvey powder on the fernentation of Yulmoo Kimchi, by measuring sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological properties during fermentation up to 31 days. The Yulmoo Kimchi, with various levels [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% (w/w)] of harvey powder, was fermented at $10^{\circ}C$. The product containing the control evidenced the highest scores for appearance and smell. Taste, carbonated taste, texture and overall acceptability were highest in the 0.1% harvey powder and control. During fermentation, titratable acidity increased while pH gradually decreased. Reducing sugar showed no difference at initial fermentation and then steadily decreased. Total vitamin C was gradually decreased during fermentation and reduced sharply after 10 days, and then almost maintained. Total polyphenol content was the highest in the 0.3% harvey powder on day 0 and maintained in all samples thereafter. Antioxidant effect of the Yulmoo Kimchi with 0.1% harvey powder was shown to be the highest. Also, the time required to achieve maximum levels of lactic acid bacteria, as determined by log numbers of cells and total viable cells, were more delayed in the experimental groups with added harvey powder than in the controls. Our results indicated that the Yulmoo Kimchii with below 0.1% added harvey powder was acceptable.

김치의 세계화를 위하여 성인병 예방의 식품소재로 기대되는 열무와 혈관 내 콜레스테롤 침착 방지 및 항산화와 항암 효과 등의 다양한 생리적 활성을 가진 톳을 이용하여 건강기능성이 있는 열무김치를 개발하고자 하였다. 열무김치에 대한 톳가루 첨가량은 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%(w/w)로 하였고, $10^{\circ}C$에서 31일간 발효시키면서 관능적, 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 보았다. 관능적 특성평가 결과 외관은 발효 전반적으로 대조구를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 냄새는 톳가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 점수가 낮아졌으며 발효 전반적으로 대조구의 냄새를 선호하였고, 그 다음으로 톳가루 0.1% 첨가구를 선호하였다. 맛과 탄산미는 발효 3일에 톳가루 0.1% 첨가구가 유의적으로 높은 점수를 받았다. 조직감은 발효 6일에 톳가루 0.1% 첨가구의 점수가 유의적으로 높아 선호하였다. 전반적인 기호도는 발효 13일과 발효 17일에 톳가루 0.1% 첨가구의 기호도가 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. pH는 모든 첨가구에서 초기 pH가 비슷하였고, 발효의 진행과 함께 발효 3일과 6일에 크게 낮아져서 전체기간 동안 모든 첨가구가 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 산도는 pH와 비슷한 결과로 모든 처리구의 초기 산도가 비슷하였고, 발효 3일과 6일, 10일에 산도가 크게 증가하여 말기까지 꾸준히 증가하였다. 환원당은 발효초기에는 모든 첨가구가 비슷하였고, 발효의 진행과 함께 모든 첨가구의 환원당 함량이 꾸준히 감소하였다. 총 비타민 C 함량은 발효숙성이 진행됨에 따라 대부분의 첨가구에서 발효 10일까지 서서히 감소하였다가 발효 17일에 크게 감소하여 발효 20일에 약간 증가한 후 말기까지 유지하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 발효 0일에 톳가루 0.3% 첨가구에서 약간 높게 나타났고, 그 이후로는 모든 첨가구에서 약간 증가하여 말기까지 유지하는 결과를 보였다. 항산화 효과는 톳가루 0.1% 첨가구가 전반적으로 높은 항산화활성을 나타냈다. 총 균수와 젖산균수(Lactobacillus sp.)는 비슷한 결과로 발효 초기에 모든 첨가구가 비슷하였고, 발효 3일과 6일에 크게 증가하였다가 발효 17일에 감소하여 다시 증가한 후 유지하였다. 톳가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 최대 젖산균수에 도달되는 시기가 6일에서 10일로 4일 연장되었다. 젖산균수(Leuconostoc sp.)는 총 균수와 비슷한 결과로 발효 3일에 크게 증가하였다가 17일에 감소한 후 다시 약간 증가하여 유지하였다. 이상의 결과에서 열무김치에 건강기능성 소재인 톳가루를 첨가하는 경우에는 관능적 특성을 고려하여 0.1% 이하로 첨가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 보였다.

Keywords

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