Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Physicochemical Characteristics of Red Garlic During Processing

홍마늘의 숙성 단계별 이화학적 특성

  • Received : 2011.07.04
  • Accepted : 2011.12.09
  • Published : 2011.12.30
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Abstract

Physicochemical and physiological characteristics of red garlic were investigated in each of the four steps of its processing, and were compared with those of fresh and black garlic. With the progress in processing, the lightness value of the external and internal colors of the red garlic significantly decreased. The hardness was highest in the fresh garlic and lowest in the black garlic. During processing, the red garlic tended to become hard. The crudeprotein and ash contents were highest in the red garlic (step 4), but its moisture content was the lowest. The crudelipid content of the red garlic was lower than that of the fresh garlic. The pH of the red garlic showed little difference from that of the fresh garlic, but the black garlic was significantly, acidified. The acidity and pH contradicted each other : the black garlic had the highest acidity, and the acidity of the red garlic was within the low range. The fresh garlic had the lowest in reducing-sugar content, but such content was significantly increased in the red garlic and black garlic. Six kinds of organic acid were detected in the fresh garlic, and the same contents were also quantified in the red garlic until third step. In step 4, malic acid was not detected in the red garlic. Acetic and citric acid were only in the black garlic. S-allyl cysteine content of the red garlic was $18.05{\pm}0.53$ mg/100 g, similar to that of the black garlic ($19.43{\pm}0.50$ mg/100 g).

생마늘과 흑마늘의 중간 특성과 성상을 지니는 홍마늘을 개발하고 그 품질특성을 규명하고자 홍마늘의 제조공정을 온도 변화에 따라 4단계로 나누고 각 제조 단계에서 얻은 홍마늘의 이화학적 특성을 생마늘 및 흑마늘과 비교 분석하였다. 홍마늘의 외부색과 내부색은 숙성기간이 경과됨에 따라 생마늘에 비해 L값은 유의적으로 감소하였다. 조직감은 생마늘에서 가장 높았고, 흑마늘이 가장 낮은 반면 홍마늘은 숙성단계가 진행됨에 따라 점차 단단해지는 경향이었다. 숙성 단계가 진행됨에 따라 홍마늘의 수분 함량은 급격히 감소하였으며, 조지방 함량은 생마늘과 유사한 범위를 나타내었고 조단백 함량은 점차 증가하였다. 홍마늘의 pH는 생마늘과 차이가 적었으나 숙성기간에 따라 갈색물질의 생성이 진행되면서 $6.78{\pm}0.02$에서 $6.02{\pm}0.02$로 산성화되었다. 산도는 pH의 변화와는 상반되는 경향으로 흑마늘이 가장 높았고 홍마늘에서는 숙성과정을 거치면서 점차 증가하였다. 환원당 함량은 숙성 과정을 거치면서 유의적으로 증가하였는데 홍마늘은 생마늘에 약 1.3배 흑마늘은 2.5배 정도 더 높은 함량이었다. 마늘 중의 유기산은 총 6종이 검출되었는데 홍마늘과 흑마늘로 숙성되면서 검출되는 유기산의 종류는 감소하였으나 총량은 오히려 증가하였다. 유리아미노산의 총 함량은 생마늘에 비해 홍마늘에서 월등히 증가하였으나 흑마늘에서는 오히려 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 숙성단계를 거치면서 홍마늘의 SAC 함량은 점차 증가하여 step 4에서는 $18.05{\pm}0.53$ mg/100 g으로 생마늘($14.11{\pm}0.30$ mg/100 g)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다.

Keywords

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