Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
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Review and Proposition of Biological Indicators for a New Ecological Grading System of Tidal Flats in Korea

한국의 갯벌 생태등급도 개발을 위한 생물학적 지시자의 검토와 제안

  • 유재원 (한국연안환경생태연구소) ;
  • 이창근 (한국연안환경생태연구소) ;
  • 고병설 (국립수산과학원 갯벌연구소) ;
  • 이시완 (한국환경생태연구소) ;
  • 한동욱 (PGA습지생태연구소) ;
  • 최근형 (한국연안환경생태연구소) ;
  • 김창수 (한국연안환경생태연구소) ;
  • 홍재상 (인하대학교 자연과학대학 해양과학과)
  • Received : 2010.07.06
  • Accepted : 2010.12.22
  • Published : 2011.03.30
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Abstract

The tidal flats of Korea today have reduced by 40% in size compared to 1964. To manage this important habitat properly, development of well-organized and nationwide-applicable grading systems is required. There have been several assessment systems proposed previously in Korea, but they are critically flawed in that selected biological indicators are not adequate and grading criteria are obscure and arbitrary. We reviewed the indicators used in these previous evaluation systems (e.g., diversity indices, quantity and quality of benthic macrofauna, halophytes, water birds, etc.) and subsequently proposed new indicators and an improved grading scheme. For the quantitative assessment of macrobenthic community, biomass reflecting production and ecosystem function is recommended over density, which is much less discriminatory among habitats. Of biodiversity indices used, within-, between-habitat and regional biodiversity indices that accurately reflect sampling efforts are suggested. In addition, we proposed to include species rarity, ecosystem engineers, and the ecological quality index ISEP (Inverse function of Shannon-Wiener Evenness Proportion). As for halophytes, their low spatial coverage on benthic habitat suggests that their presence can be used as an ecological indicator of benthic habitat, regardless of their protective status. We stress the need to introduce 1) quantile approach for quantitative indicators (e.g., diversity, biomass, etc.) in relation to grading, 2) presence-absence approach for spatial or aggregate indicators (e.g., boundaries of halophytes and feeding ground of water birds) and 3) benthic habitat mapping that combines all of these indicators.

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References

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