Reproductive and Developmental Biology

The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction (한국동물번식학회)
권호 표지

Spermatogenic and Antioxidant Potential of Mucuna prureins (L.) in Epididymal Spermatozoa: A Dose Dependent Effect

  • Suresh, Sekar (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus) ;
  • Prithiviraj, Ealumali (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus) ;
  • Venkatalakshmi, Nagella (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus) ;
  • Ganesh, Mohanraj Karthik (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus) ;
  • Ganesh, Lakshmanan (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Jeong (Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Prakash, Seppan (Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus)
  • Received : 2011.11.05
  • Accepted : 2011.11.15
  • Published : 2011.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The study aim is to investigate the free radicals scavenging and spermatogenic potentials, as well as to analyze any reproductive toxicity of ethanolic extract of Mucuna prureins (M. pruriens) Linn. in spermatozoa, under different dosages in normal male rat. Normal rats were randomly selected and suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dosages of 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg body weight of the different groups of male rats (n=6) once in a day for 60 days and grouped as group II, III and IV respectively. Saline treated rats served as control -group I. On the $60^{th}$ day the animals were sacrificed and the epididymal sperm were subjected to various analyses like level of ROS production, LPO, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant, morphology, morphometry, chromosomal integrity and DNA damage. Results showed significant reduction in ROS production and peroxidation and significant increase in both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in all concentration treated groups when compared with control. Results from all the drug treated groups showed good sperm morphology, increased sperm count and motility. There was no DNA damage and showed normal chromosomal integrity even in 250 mg/kg dose. When compared with control all the three extract treated groups showed increased ROS scavenging activity. However, group II (200 mg/kg) showed significant changes in all the parameters. From the present study it was confirmed that the M. pruriens has potential to improve the sperm qualitatively and quantitatively through scavenging the excess ROS with any adverse side effects. These observations suggest that ethanolic seed extract of M. pruriens may serve as anti-oxidant that can exploit to treat the oxidative stress mediated male factor infertility.

Keywords

References

  1. Agarwal A, Saleh RA (2002): Role of oxidants in male infertility: rationale, significance, and treatment. Urol Clin North Am 29:817-827. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00081-2
  2. Aitken RJ (1994) A free radical theory of male infertility. Reprod Fert Dev 6:19-23. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD9940019
  3. Aitken RJ, Ryan AL, Baker MA, McLaughlin EA (2004): Redox activity associated with the maturation and capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa. Free Radic Biol Med 36:994-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.017
  4. Amin KMY, Khan MN, Rahman SZ, Khan NA (1996): Sexual function improving effect of Mucuna pruriens in sexually normal male rats. Fitoterapia 67:53-58.
  5. Desai (1984): Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissue, Meth Enzymol 105:138-143.
  6. Evenson DP, Larson KL, Jost LK (2002): Sperm chromatin structure assay: its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with other techniques. J Androl 23:25-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02599.x
  7. Habig WH, Palst MJ, Jakoby WB (1973): Glutathione- S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic formation, J Biol Chem 249:7130
  8. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farral, Randall RJ (1951): Protein measurement with the Folin's phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-276.
  9. Marklund S, Marklund G (1974): Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the auto oxidation of pyrogallol and a constituent assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47:469-479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
  10. Moron MS, DePierre JW, Manerwik KB (1979): Levels of glutathione and glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activity in rat lung and liver. Bioche Biophys Acta. 582:67-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(79)90289-7
  11. Moustafa MH, Sharma RK, Thornton J, Mascha E, Abdel-Hafez MA, Thomas AJ Jr, Agarwal A (2004): Relationship between ROS production, apoptosis and DNA denaturation in spermatozoa from patients examined for infertility. Hum Reprod 19:129-138. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh024
  12. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979): Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
  13. Omaye ST, Tamball JD, Sauberlich HE (1979) Selected method for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissue and fluid. Enzymol 62:1-11.
  14. Picke EY, Keisari (1981): Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by chemically elicited peritoneal macrophages induced by multiple nonphagocytic stumuli. Cell Immuno 59:301-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(81)90411-1
  15. Puntarulo S, Cederbaum AI (1991): Inhibition of oxidation of hydroxyl radicle scawanging agent after alkaline phosphatase treatment of rat liver microsome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1074:12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(91)90031-B
  16. Rajeshwar Y, Senthil Kumar GP, Gupta M, Mazumder UK (2005) Studies on in vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) seeds. Europ Bull Drug Res 13:31- 39.
  17. Rotruck JK, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG (1973): Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179:588-590. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4073.588
  18. Saksena S, Dixit VK (1987): Role of total alkaloids of Mucuna pruriens Baker in spermatogenesis in albino rats. Ind J Natu Prod 3:3.
  19. Siddhuraju P, Becker K (2001): Rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), non methylated and methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds from Mucuna bens. Food Chem 72:389-394 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00281-8
  20. Sikka SC (2004): Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology. J Androl 25:5-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02751.x
  21. Sinha AK (1972): Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 47:389-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7
  22. Staal GEJ, Vegel C (1969): Purification and properties of glutathione reductase of human erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 185;39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2744(69)90280-0
  23. Suresh S, Prithiviraj E, Prakash S (2010): Effect of Mucuna pruriens on oxidative stress mediated damage in aged rat sperm. Int J Androl 33:22-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00949.x
  24. Suresh S, Prakash S (2010): Effect of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) on sexual behavior and sperm parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rat. J Sex Med doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01831.x.
  25. Suresh S, Shanthi Santhosh Kumari S, Preethi U, Venkatalakshmi N, Karthik Ganesh M, Ganesh L, Prithiviraj E, Prakash S (2011): Long-term hyperglycemic effect on rat epididymis and sperm. IJAS 2:7-13. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijasuc.2011.2102
  26. Tripathi YB, Upadhyay AK (2001) Antioxidant property of Mucuna pruriens Linn. Curr Sci 80:1377- 1378.
  27. Van Loon AAWM, Den Boer PJ, Van der Schans GP, Mackenbach P, Grootegoed JA, Baan RA, Lohman PHM (1991): Immunochemical detection of DNA damage induction and repair at different cellular stages of spermatogenesis of the hamster after in vitro or in vivo exposure to ionizing radiation. Exp Cell Res 193:303-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(91)90101-Y
  28. Wang X, Sharma RK, Sikka SC, Thomas AJ, Falcone T, Agarwal A (2003): Oxidative stress is associated with increased apoptosis leading to spermatozoa DNA damage in patients with male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 80:531 -535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00756-8
  29. Zalata AA, Ahmed AH, Allamaneni SS, Comhaire FH, Agarwal A (2004): Relationship between acrosin activity of human spermatozoa and oxidative stress. Asi J Androl 6:313-318.
  30. Zar JH (1974) Biostatistical Analysis. Engle Wood Cliffs NJ; Prentice Hall Inc.