Childhood Kidney Diseases

Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology (대한소아신장학회)
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The Effect of Systemic Hypertension on the Pediatric Brain

중추신경계에 미치는 소아 고혈압의 영향

  • Hur, Yun-Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine)
  • 허윤정 (인제대학교 해운대 백병원 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2011.03.16
  • Accepted : 2011.03.31
  • Published : 2011.04.30
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Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence. Untreated hypertension adversely affects many organs including heart, brain, kidney and peripheral arteries. We reviewed the complication of central nervous system caused by pediatric hypertension. Cerebral blood flows are maintained constantly in response to changes in blood pressure by cerebral autoregulation. Severe hypertension which destructs cerebral autoregulation results in acute hypertensive encephalopathy syndrome, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Chronic pediatric hypertension induces learning disability and cognitive defect which are subclinical symptom prior to brain damage caused by severe hypertension. We should consider the effect of hypertension on pediatric brain because appropriate antihypertensive drugs could prevent these complications.

고혈압은 소아 청소년시기에 발생하는 흔한 만성질환 중 하나이다. 고혈압을 치료하지 않으면 여러가지 소아의 장기에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 여기서는 고혈압이 중추신경계에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아 보았다. 혈압의 변화에 따라 대뇌가 받는 영향은 다른 장기에 비해 덜 하다. 그것은 대뇌 자동 조절 기전때문이다. 즉 혈압의 변화에 따라 뇌혈관의 저항이 변하기 때문에 뇌혈류량이 일정하게 유지 된다. 그러나 이런 자동 조절 기전의 항상성이 파괴되면 급성으로 또는 만성으로 급성 고혈압 뇌병증, 허혈성, 출혈성 뇌경색, 학습 장애와 인지 기능 장애 등이 발생한다. 이에 고혈압이 대뇌에 미치는 영향에 대해 숙지하고 빠른 시일 내에 적절한 치료를 하면 이런 합병증을 예방할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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