Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지

Marine Algal Flora and Community Structure of Gogunsan Islands outside the Saemangeum Dike

새만금 방조제 외측 고군산군도 지역의 해조상 및 군집구조

  • 김주희 (군산대학교 해양생물공학과) ;
  • 고용덕 (군산대학교 해양생물공학과) ;
  • 김영식 (군산대학교 해양생물공학과) ;
  • 남기완 (부경대학교 자원생물학과)
  • Received : 2011.03.03
  • Accepted : 2011.04.29
  • Published : 2011.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

It is selected seven sites for marine algal flora and community structure and investigated seasonally from December 2008 to November 2009 in Gogunsan Islands, the west coast of Korea. A total of 58 species including 10 green, 16 brown and 32 red algae were collected and identified. Among these species, 11 species were found throughout the year. Annual mean biomass in dry weight were 213.8 g $m^{-2}$ at Sinsido 1, 143.1 g $m^{-2}$ at Sinsido 2, 133.3 g $m^{-2}$ at Sinsido 3, 164.0 g $m^{-2}$ at Munyeodo, 116.9 g $m^{-2}$ at Seonyudo, and 145.1 g $m^{-2}$ at Jangjado. Maximum biomass was recorded in Sinsido 1, and minimum mean biomass was Sinsido 4. The dominant species based on biomass were Sargassum thunbergii, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum fusiforme and Corallina pilulifera. S. thunbergii was the representative alga occurred at all seasons. The flora investigated could be classified into six functional groups such as coarsely branched form (46.6%), filamentous form (27.6%), sheet form (17.2%), thick leathery form (3.4%), jointed calcareous form (3.4%) and crustose form (1.7%). The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P value reflecting flora characteristics were 0.33~0.75, 1.11~2.50, 1.47~3.25, respectively. Diversity index (H') and dominance index (DI) indicated that stability of seaweed community of Gogunsan Islands was unstable and environmental conditions were bad. According to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis, Gogunsan Islands were divided into three distinct groups. The first group was Sinsido 2, Sinsido 3, Seonyudo and Muyeodo and the second group comprised Sinsido 1 and Jangjado and the other was Sinsido 4 due to meaningful difference in similarity.

고군산군도의 해조상 및 군집구조를 파악하기 위해 7개 정점을 선정하여 2008년 12월부터 2009년 11월까지 계절별 조사를 실시하였다. 고군산군도에서 출현한 해조류는 총 58종으로, 녹조식물 10종, 갈조식물 16종, 홍조식물 32종이 채집 동정되었으며, 그 중 11종은 연중 출현하였다. 평균 생물량은 Sinsido 1 정점에서 213.8 g $m^{-2}$, Sinsido 2 정점에서 143.1 g $m^{-2}$, Sinsido 3 정점에서 133.3 g $m^{-2}$, Munyeodo 정점에서 164.0 g $m^{-2}$, Seonyudo 정점에서 116.9 g $m^{-2}$, Jangjado 정점에서 145.1 g $m^{-2}$으로 Sinsido 1 정점에서 가장 높은 생물량을 보였으며, Sinsido 4 정점에서 최저 생물량을 나타냈다. 생물량에서 우점종은 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme) 및 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera)이었으며, 지충이는 전 계절에 걸쳐 가장 높은 생물량을 보여 이 지역 대표종으로 확인되었다. 이 지역의 6개 기능형군은 성긴분기형(46.6%), 사상형(27.6%), 엽상형(17.2%), 다육질형(3.4%), 유절산호말형(3.4%), 각상형(1.7%)군으로 구분되었다. 해조류의 지역적 특성의 기준으로 이용되는 C/P, R/P 그리고 (R+C)/P값은 각각 0.33~0.75, 1.11~2.50, 1.47~3.25이었다. 종다양도지수(H')와 우점도지수(DI)로 본 고군산군도의 해조군집 안정도는 '불안정'하고 환경상태는 '나쁜것'으로 나타났다. MDS와 군집분석 결과, Sinsido 2, Sinsido 3, Seonyudo, Munyeodo로 이루어진 그룹, Sinsido 1, Jangjado로 이루어진 그룹, 그리고 Sinsido 4로 이루어진 총 3개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 암반이 적어 해조류가 빈약하였던 Sinsido 4는 다른 정점과 유사도에서 차이를 나타냈다.

Keywords

References

  1. Atobe, S. and Saito Y.(1974) Phytosociological study of the intertidal marine algae. III. Effect of wave action on algal zonation. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 24: 133-138.
  2. Brattstrom, H.(1980) Rocky-shore zonation in the Santa Marta area, Colombia. Sarsia 65: 163-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1980.10431482
  3. Cheney, D.P.(1977) R&C/P-A new and improved ratio for comparing seaweed floras. Suppl. J. Phycol. 13: 129.
  4. Choi, C.G. (2007) Algal flora and Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura (Lminariaceae) population of Youngo in Busan, Korea. Algae 22: 313-318. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2007.22.4.313
  5. Choi, C.G. and H.S. Rho(2010) Marine algal community of Ulsan, on the eastern coast of Korea. Kor. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 246-253. (in Korean)
  6. Choi, H.G.(2008) Effects of thermal effluents from Wolseong nuclear power plant on macroalgal composition and community structure. Algae 23: 151-162. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.2.151
  7. Clarke, K.R. and R.M. Warwick(2001) Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. (2nd ed.), PRIMER-E, Plymouth, 170pp.
  8. Druehl, L.D.(1966) Vertical distribution of some benthic marine algae in British Colombia lnlet, as related to some environmental factors. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 24: 3-46.
  9. Feldmann, J.(1937) Recherches sur la vegetation marine de la Miditerranee. La cote des Alveres. Rev. Algol. 10: 1-339.
  10. Haglund K., M. Bjorklund, S. Gunnare, A. Sandberg, U. Olander and M. Pedersen(1996) New method for toxicity assessment in marine and brackish environments using the macroalga Gracilaira tenuistipitata(Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Hydrobiologia 326/327: 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047825
  11. IRCMA(2009) Consultation on the coastal utilization on construction work across road Gogunsan Islands. Iksan Regional Construction Management Administration. (in Korean)
  12. Kang, J.W., C.H. Sohn and C.W. Lee(1980) Summer algal flora of Gogunsan Islands, western coast of Korea. The report of the KACN 16: 103-107. (in Korean)
  13. Kang, P.J. Y.S. Kim and K.W. Nam(2008) Flora and community structure of benthic marine algae in Ilkwang Bay, Korea. Algae 23: 1-10. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.1.001
  14. Kapraun, D.F.(1980) Summer aspects of algal zonation on a Texas Jetty in relation to wave exposure. Mar. Sci. 23: 101-109.
  15. KHOA(2011) Temperature, salinity data of coast. Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration. http://www. khoa.go.kr
  16. Kim, Y.H.(1994) Seaweed distribution of southeastern Yellow Sea. Yellow Sea Reserch 6: 131-150. (in Korean)
  17. Kim, Y.H., H.J. Yoon and J.S. Yoo(1995) Species composition and biomass of marine algal community on the mid-western coast of Korea. J. Plant Biol. 38(4): 389-398. (in Korean)
  18. Kim, Y.S. and J.W. Lee(2001) Summer marine algal flora and vertical distribution at 13 uninhabited Islands near Gogunsangundo and Wido, western coast of Korea. Bull. Coastal Res., Kunsan National Univ. 13(1): 21-32. (in Korean)
  19. Kim, Y.S.(1997) Physiological study on growth and reproduction of the Korean Gracilaria verrucosa(Rhodophyta). Ph. D. Thesis, Pukyong National Univ. pp. 1-6. (in Korean)
  20. Koh, C.H. and H.B. Lee(1982) Distributional Pattern of Macroalgae in coast of Deogjeog Isladns. The Korean National Council for Conservation of Nature 1: 227-248. (in Korean)
  21. Koh, C.H.(1983) Community structure and productivity of phytobenthos in Juckdo(eastern coast of Korea). II. Seasonal changes of algal vegetation in relation to annual growth of large brown algae. Korean J. Bot., 26: 181-190. (in Korean)
  22. KRCC(2006) Study on ecological change of Saemangeum near-shore area and reclaimed land(III). Korea Rural Community Corporation, pp. 7-50. (in Korean)
  23. Lee, G.H, H.I. Yoo and H.G. Choi(2007). Seasonal community structure and vertical distribution of medicinal seaweeds at Kkotji in Taean peninsula, Korea. Algae 22: 209-219. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2007.22.3.209
  24. Lee, H.B. and R.H. Chang(1989) A qualitative and quantitative analysis of seasonal change of an algal community at Padori of Tae-an peninsula, west coast of Korea. Algae 4: 19-40. (in Korean)
  25. Lee, J.W.(1983) Studies on the benthic marine algal flora and community, mid-western coast of Korea I. Summer marine algal flora and community of Maryang ri, Gogunsan Islands and Eocheong do. Bull. Gunsan Fish. J. Coll. 17: 93-106. (in Korean)
  26. Lee, J.W., B.G. Oh and H.B. Lee(1997b) Marine algal flora and community of Podori area in the Taean peninsula, the west coast of Korea. Algae 12: 131-138. (in Korean)
  27. Lee, J.W., B.G. Oh and H.B. Lee(2000) Marine benthic algal community at Padori, west coast of Korea. Algae 15 : 111-117. (in Korean)
  28. Lee, S.W.(1992) The Maritime of Coast of Korea. Jib-mun-dang, 334pp. (in Korean)
  29. Lee, W.J., H.S. Yoon and S. M. Boo(1997a) Marine algal community of Gyonggiman islets on the west sea of Korea. Algae 12: 139-144. (in Korean)
  30. Levine H.G.(1984) The use of seaweeds for monitoring coastal waters. In algae as ecological indicators, L. E. Shubert (ed.). Academic Press, New York 189-210 pp.
  31. Littler M.M. and D.S. Littler(1984) Relationships between macroalgal functional form groups and substrate stability in a subtropical rocky intertidal system. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 74: 13-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(84)90035-2
  32. Lobban, C.S. and P.J. Harrison(1994) Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y., 366pp.
  33. MAFF and JB(1994) Study on compensation on actual state of fisheries demage. Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Jeonla Buk-do, pp. 341-394. (in Korean)
  34. MFAFF and KRCC(2008) Ecological changes in the Saemangeum water and reclaimed land areas(IV). Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Korea Rural Community Corporation, 7pp. (in Korean)
  35. Oh, B.G. and H.B. Lee(1998) Marine algal flora and community of Uihang in Tae-an Peninsula, western coast of Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 16: 181-192. (in Korean)
  36. Orfanidis, S.P. Panayotidis and N. Stamatis(2001) Ecological evaluation of transitional and coastal and water; A marine benthic macrophytes-based model. Medit. Mar. Sci. 2: 45-65.
  37. Park, C.S., M.Y. Wee and E.K. Hwang(2007) Summer algal flora of uninhabited in Dochodo, southwestern coast of Korea. Algae 22: 305-311. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2007.22.4.305
  38. Park, Y.K., K.S. Seo and C.K. Choi(2006) Environmental Biology. Daehakseolim. (in Korean)
  39. RKOHA(1989) Sailing Directions of Coast in Korea (Sea of West Coast). Republic of Korea Office of the Hydrographic Affairs, 271pp. (in Korean)
  40. RKOHA(1995) A Tide Table. Republic of Korea Office of the Hydrographic Affairs, 250pp. (in Korean)
  41. Russell, B.D., J.I. Thompson, L.J. Fakenberg and S.D. Connel(2009) synergistic effects of climate change and local stressors: $CO_{2}$ and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Glo. Cha. Biol. 15: 2153-2162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01886.x
  42. Saito, Y. and S. Atobe(1970) Phytosociological study of intertidal marine algae. 1. Usujiri Benten-Jima Hokkaido. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 21: 37-69.
  43. Saito, Y., K. Taniguchi, S. Atobe and S. Nakamura(1971) Phytosociological study of the intertidal marine algae. III. The algal communities on the vertical substratum face on several directions. Jap. J. Ecol. 20: 230-232.
  44. Segawa, S.(1956) Coloured Illustrations of the Seaweeds of Japan. Hoikusha Publ. Co. Osaka.
  45. SERC(2003) Study on ecological change of Saemangeum near-shore area and reclaimed land(I), Saemangeum Environmental Research Center, Gunsan Nat'l. Univ., 19-24pp. (in Korean)
  46. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver(1963) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illionis Press, Urbana.
  47. Simpson, E.H.(1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0
  48. Song, H.S., K.S. Seo and S.M. Boo(1996) Field studies of the brown alga Pelvetia siliquosa with implications for taxonomy and distribution. Algae 11:65-71.
  49. Tseng, C.K.(1994) Selected works of C.K. Tseng. Oceanic Pub., pp. 272-282.
  50. Wildowson, T.B.(1965) A survey of the distribution of intertidal algae along a coast transitional in respect to salinity and tidal factors. J. Fish. Tes. Bd. Canada 22: 1425-1454. https://doi.org/10.1139/f65-125