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Effect of Monoculture and Mixtures of Green Manure Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum) on Rice Growth and Yield in Paddy

답리작에서 녹비작물 크림손클로버 단파 및 혼파가 벼 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

  • 전원태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 성기영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 김민태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 오인석 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 최봉수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 강위금 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원)
  • Received : 2011.09.06
  • Accepted : 2011.10.06
  • Published : 2011.10.31

Abstract

Green manure crops are mainly used to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. Mixture of green manure crops have beneficial effects in agroecosystem. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of monoculture and mixtures of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) on rice growth and yield in paddy. This experiment was conducted at Sinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) from Oct. 2007 to Oct. 2009 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seeding rates of crimson clover (CC) were consisted of monoculture (CC2, 3, 4 kg and hairy vetch 5 kg $10a^{-1}$) and mixtures (CC 2 + barley 7, CC 3 + barley 7, CC 4 + barley 7, and CC2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$). Seeds were drilled by partial tillage machine on 9th Oct. in 2007. Monoculture and mixture of crimson clover as a green manure crop was incorporated in soil for rice cultivation on 15th May in 2008. Chemical fertilizers had not been applied to monoculture and mixture plots. The biomass and N production of monoculture plots were lower than mixture plots. The biomass and N production of CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot were the highest among mixtures treatments. In rice growing season, ammonium nitrogen concentrations in soil were a little high trends at CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot. And soil bulk density and porosity were improved at mixture plot after rice harvesting. The rice yield of CC 2 + hairy vetch $5kg\;10a^{-1}$ plot was not significantly different from conventional practice plot. These results indicated that cropping of crimson clover with hairy vetch mixture was better than barley mixture for environmental friendly rice cultivation.

본시험은 두과 녹비작물의 다양화를 위하여 크림손클로버의 단파 및 혼파 시 생산성과 벼 이용효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험포장은 국립식량과학원에 위치한 신흥통 (식양질)에서 2007년 10월부터 2008년 10월까지 수행하였다. 파종량은 10a당 크림손클로버 2, 3, 4 kg 및 헤어리베치 5 kg 단파와 크림손클로버 (CC) 2 kg + 보리 7 kg, CC 3 kg + 보리 7 kg, CC 4 kg +보리 7 kg 및 CC2 kg + 헤어리베치 5 kg의 혼파구로 구성하였다. 크림손클로버 단파 시 biomass가 적어 잡초 (둑새풀)의 발생량은 혼파보다 많았으며 질소생산성은 낮았다. 혼파는 단파에 비하여 biomass와 질소생산성이 높았으며 혼파중에는 CC2 + 헤어리베치 5 kg이 가장 높았다. 이들을 이용하여 벼 재배 시 벼 초장, 경수 및 토양 암모니아태 질소의 함량도 혼파구에서 약간 양호한 경향을 보였다. 크림손클로버 단파 시에는 관행 쌀수량 522 kg $10a^{-1}$에 비하여 모두 유의적으로 낮았으나 혼파 처리구에서는 크림손클로버 2 kg + 헤어리베치 5 kg구가 관행과 수량차이가 없었다. 크림손클로버 이용 벼 재배 후 토양공극률은 단파에서는 다소 낮아졌으나 혼파구에서는 공극률이 증가되고 용적밀도가 감소하는 경향이었다. 크림손클로버를 답리작에서 녹비로 이용 벼 재배 시에는 단파보다 혼파가 유리하며 보리와 혼파보다는 헤어리베치와 혼파하는 것이 화학비료 대체로 친환경 쌀 생산에 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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