Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
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Enhancement of Stem Firmness in Standard Chrysanthemum 'Baekma' by Foliar Spray of Liquid Calcium Compounds

액상 칼슘 화합물 엽면살포에 의한 스탠다드 국화 '백마'의 줄기 경도 강화

  • Lee, Chang-Hee (Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Nam, Mi-Kyong (Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University)
  • Received : 2011.03.11
  • Accepted : 2011.06.17
  • Published : 2011.08.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to enhance the stem firmness of standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' bred in Korea for commercial quality improvement and inhibition of stem breaking during transportation through foliar spray with calcium agents. Calcium agent screening 'Baekma' was examined using $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, $Ca(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, and OS-Ca (natural liquid calcium compounds extracted from oyster shell) depending on each concentration (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0%, respectively). All calcium agents sprayed with 1.0% caused chemical injury such as stem bending or leaf burn. OS-Ca also showed more sensitive response to chemical injury than the other calcium agents because OS-Ca was absorbed very well by 'Baekma' leaves. Maximum stem firmness measured during the final harvest was greater in OS-Ca than in the other calcium agents. Especially, maximum stem firmness was greatest in 0.01% OS-Ca. However, elastic strength and maximum bending stress were greater in 0.001% OS-Ca than in the others. Thus, OS-Ca ranged from 0.005 to 0.05%, which did not show any chemical injury, was finally selected as the first candidate for hardening the stem of 'Baekma'. The next experiment using OS-Ca was conducted with the concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.05%, respectively. From the results, 0.05% OS-Ca showed better plant growth and parameters such as plant height, stem diameter (upper and middle part), the number of leaves, and dry weights of each part than the other concentrations of OS-Ca and control. As for stem firmness depending on OS-Ca concentration, the Ca content within stem, maximum firmness, elastic strength, and maximum bending stress of stem in 'Baekma' sprayed with 0.05% OS-Ca showed the highest values among all the treatments and it turned out to be very high level of significance between control and OS-Ca treatments. However, the area and percentage of the inside cavity within horizontal stem section in 'Baekma' did not show any significance between any treatments including control. Thus, stem firmness of 'Baekma' did not show any correlation with the inside cavity area of stem. In conclusion, we recommend foliar sprays with 0.05% OS-Ca at vegetative growth stage to enhance stem firmness of 'Baekma' during transportation.

본 연구는 칼슘제의 엽면살포를 이용하여 국내육성 스탠다드 국화 '백마' 의 줄기 경도를 증대함으로써 상품성 향상 및 수송시 줄기가 부러져 절화의 품질이 떨어지는 문제점을 방지하고자 수행하였다. '백마'의 칼슘제 선발시험은 염화칼슘($CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$), 질산칼슘[$Ca(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$], OS-Ca(굴껍질에서 추출한 천연 액상 칼슘 화합물)을 사용하였으며 Ca 함량을 기준으로 처리농도는 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0%로 엽면살포하였다. 모든 칼슘제 1.0% 처리구에서 엽소 현상과 줄기가 휘어지는 심한 약해가 나타났다. OS-Ca는 또한 다른 칼슘제보다 '백마'에 흡수가 가장 잘 되었기 때문에 가장 심한 약해 현상이 나타난 것으로 보인다. 수확 후 최대 줄기경도는 다른 칼슘제 처리구보다 OS-Ca에서 더 높았으며, 특히 0.01% OS-Ca 처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 반면, 탄성강도와 최대굴곡강도에서는 0.001% OS-Ca 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 OS-Ca 처리시 약해가 발생하지 않았던 농도인 0.005에서 0.05% 사이를 범위로 하여 '백마'의 줄기 강화에 적합한 칼슘제로 OS-Ca을 선정하였다. 다음 실험에서는 OS-Ca의 처리농도를 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05%로 세분화하여 처리하였다. OS-Ca 처리 후 생육을 조사한 결과, 0.05% OS-Ca에서 초장, 상 중부 줄기 직경, 엽수 및 부위별 건물중에서 무처리와 다른 처리농도보다 우수하였다. OS-Ca의 농도에 따른 줄기 경도에 있어서는 줄기 내 칼슘 함량, 최대경도, 탄성강도, 최대 굴곡강도에서 0.05% OS-Ca 처리구가 가장 우수하게 나타났고, 무처리구와 OS-Ca 처리구 사이에서 고도의 유의성을 나타내었다. 그러나 줄기횡단면의 총면적, 수조직 면적, 공동 면적, 공동률은 무처리구를 포함하여 모든 처리구 간의 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 '백마'의 줄기 경도와 줄기 공동률 간의 상관관계는 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로, 백마의 영양생장기에 가장 적절한 엽면살포 칼슘제와 농도는 0.05% OS-Ca였으며, 수송시 백마의 줄기 경도를 강화시킬 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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