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Measuring Attitudes and Satisfaction Level towards Military Foodservices

군 급식소의 이용실태 및 만족도 조사

  • Kang, Bo-Kyoung (Graduate School of Education, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Eun (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2011.05.19
  • Accepted : 2011.06.09
  • Published : 2011.07.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and satisfaction level towards military foodservices as well as suggest effective ways to increase foodservice quality. A questionnaire survey was administered to 413 subjects, which included 400 soldiers and 13 foodservice managers. The survey period was from August 6 to August 25, 2008. The collected data were statistically treated using SPSS V12.0. Most of the investigated soldiers were 20~25 years old. The foodservice managers were male general officials and the majority of them had no prior food service training. None of the foodservice managers had a dietician certificate. Menu was planned through a local foodservice conference, and most food materials were delivered in the form of center-type and military unit-type. Deficiency and deterioration of food service facilities (28.6%) as well as deficiency in the number of cooking personnel (14.3%) increased the difficulty of operational management. Soldiers expressed a desire for increases in Western (25.7%) and Korean traditional foods (21.5%), which meant menu diversity. To increase the quality of military foodservices, taste of food (40.6%), increased portion size (30.4%), and improvement in hygienic conditions (13.6%) were demanded by the soldiers. Food taste (30.8%), improvement in hygienic conditions (23.1%), and better job management were all demanded by the foodservice managers. After factor analysis, quality attributes were rearranged into five dimensions, including facilities, food, menu, service, and sanitation most attributes were over 4 points out of 5 total in importance, but only 3 points in performance. The importance score was higher than the performance score. Soldiers' overall satisfaction level was on average 3.43 points out of 5 points.

본 연구는 군장병과 급양관을 대상으로 군 급식에 대한 이용실태, 인식 및 급식품질에 대한 중요도 및 수행도와 전반적인 만족도를 분석함으로써 향후 군 급식의 질 향상에 기초가 되는 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사대상 군장병의 계급은 일병 32.6%, 상병 116명 29.3%, 병장 22.5%이었고, 연령은 20~25세 미만이 96.0%로 가장 많았으며 학력은 대부분(84.6%)이 대학 재학 중인 것으로 나타났다. 조사대상 급양관 중 남성이 92.3%, 여성은 1명 7.7%이었고 조사대상군 급식소는 직영으로 운영되고 있었으며, 조사대상 급양관은 영양사 자격증을 소유하고 있지 않았다. 식단계획은 지역 급식회의를 통해 메뉴선정이 되었고 군급식소의 배식방법은 부분적 자율배식을 실시하는 곳이 53.8%, 자율배식을 실시하는 곳이 38.5%이었으며, 메뉴작성 주기는 한 달에 1번작성하는 곳이 69.2%이었다. 조사대상 군장병의 식사시간은 10~20분 이내가 58.3%로 나타났고, 잔반이 많은 끼니는 아침(62.4%)이, 많이 남기는 잔반으로는 국(66.9%)과 반찬(20.2%)으로 나타났다. 급양관 대상 군 급식 운영에 대한 의견 조사 결과 급식 운영 시 어려운 사항으로 급식시설의 부족 및 노후화(28.6%)가 가장 높은 응답률이었고, 취사병수의 부족(14.3%), 숙달된 취사병 부족(10.7%) 등이 있었다. 취사병관련 개선사항에 대해 작업량에 적절한 취사병 수의 배치(46.2%)가 가장 높은 응답률이었고 작업 활동의 능률성향상(30.8%)과 취사병의 청결한 복장 및 외모(23.1%) 등이 있었다. 군장병의 급식의 질 향상을 위한 고려사항으로는 음식의 맛이 40.6%, 배식량 증가가 30.4%, 위생상태 개선 13.6% 등이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 군장병이 군 급식으로 선호하는 조리법은 볶음류(45.7%)와 튀김류(25.8%)였으며, 선호하는 식재료의 종류로는 육류(78.5%)가 가장 높은 응답률이었다. 식단에 대한 희망사항으로는 양식메뉴의 증가(25.7%), 한식메뉴의 증가(21.5%)로 나타나 식단메뉴의 다양화를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 군 급식의 39개 속성의 품질특성과 이를 구분한 5개 영역으로 군 급식에서 제공되는 급식의 품질특성에 대한 중요도와 수행도를 평가한 결과 속성과 영역 모두에서 중요도가 수행도보다 높게 평가되어 모든 품질에 대해 개선이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 중요도 점수가 가장 높은 속성은 위생영역의 음식위생(평균 4.59점)이었고, 음식영역의 '음식의 외관'이 평균 3.70점으로 가장 낮았다. 수행도 점수가 가장 높은 속성은 시설영역의 '식단의 사전 공지'(평균 4.09점)이었고, 메뉴영역의 '다양한 메뉴'가 평균 3.28점으로 가장 낮았다. 또한 '음식의 신선도', '음식의 간', '냉 난방의 적절성', '음식의 맛', '환기'로 중요하다고 판단되지만 잘 수행되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적인 만족도는 평균 3.43점(5점 만점)으로 보통 수준의 만족도 점수를 나타냈다. 따라서 음식의 맛 개선, 메뉴관리의 체계화, 위생관리 향상 등을 통한 군 급식의 질적 향상을 위해 전문적인 지식과 자격을 갖춘 영양관리직 군무원의 인력배치가 요구된다. 또한, 식단의 조리법을 다양화하고 음식의 맛 향상과 조리시간 단축을 위해 급식 시설부족 및 노후화의 개선이 요구되며, 중요하게 생각하지만 군대 급식소에 의해 잘 수행되지 않는 것으로 나타나고 전반적인 만족도에 영향을 미치는 '음식의 맛' 속성 질적 개선을 위해 식단의 질적 개선이 요구된다. 또한 군 급식비는 국방부 전체 예산의 4.3%로 타 예산 항목대비 감액 편성되고 있으나 군장병의 기호도를 반영한 영양적으로 균형 있는 급식제공을 위해서는 군장병의 급식 재원의 확대가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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