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Changes in Chemical Components of Foxtail Millet, Proso Millet, and Sorghum with Germination

발아에 따른 조, 기장, 수수의 화학적 성분 변화

  • Ko, Jee-Yeon (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Seuk-Bo (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Saeng (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kang, Jong-Rae (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Byeong-Geun (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwak, Do-Yeon (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Nam, Min-Hee (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Heon-Sang (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Woo, Koan-Sik (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 송석보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 강종래 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 오병근 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 곽도연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 남민희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정헌상 (충북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 우관식 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)
  • Received : 2011.06.20
  • Accepted : 2011.08.01
  • Published : 2011.08.31

Abstract

Changes in the chemical components of three cereals, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum, during germination were determined. The crude protein contents of the three cereals did not significantly change during germination, whereas the contents of total dietary fiber of the three cereals increased during germination. The contents of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of Whanggeum-cho (347.4 ${\mu}g/g$), Chongcha-cho (336.5 ${\mu}g/g$), Bulgeun-gijang (347.4 ${\mu}g/g$), Noranchal-gijang (344.9 ${\mu}g/g$), Whanggeumchal-susu (410.4 ${\mu}g/g$), and Whinchal-susu (444.0 ${\mu}g/g$) increased after 24, 24, 84, 36, 48, and 72 hr of germination, respectively, and then sharply decreased. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannin in foxtail millet, proso millet, and Whinchal-susu tended to increase during germination. However, the total phenolic content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 48 hr of germination and then considerably increased, whereas the total flavonoid content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased during germination. Total tannin content of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 36 hr of germination and then slowly increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Whanggeumchal-susu greatly decreased by 36 hr of germination and then remained constant, whereas those of other cereals did not greatly change during germination. These results indicate that there are some differences in the chemical components of three cereals during germination.

발아시간에 따른 잡곡류의 싹 길이, 단백질, 식이섬유, GABA, 항산화성분 및 항산화활성을 검토한 결과 싹 길이는 수수가 가장 빠르게 크는 것으로 나타났고 기장, 조 순으로 나타났다. 단백질 및 총 식이섬유 함량은 발아시간이 경과함에 따라 단백질 함량은 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 무발아 황금조, 청차조, 붉은기장, 노란찰기장, 황금찰수수 및 흰찰수수의 총 식이섬유 함량은 각각 6.3, 7.3, 6.2, 5.2, 7.0 및 9.0 g/100 g으로 나타났으며, 96시간 발아시킨 시료는 각각 16.3, 13.9, 9.4, 6.5, 15.9 및 12.5 g/100 g으로 증가하였다. 발아시간이 증가함에 따라 GABA 함량은 일정시간 동안은 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 가장 높은 함량을 보인 발아시간은 조는 24시간(각각 347.4 및 336.5 ${\mu}g/g$), 붉은기장은 84시간(347.4 ${\mu}g/g$), 노란찰기장은 36시간(344.9 ${\mu}g/g$), 황금찰수수는 48시간(410.4 ${\mu}g/g$), 흰찰수수는 72시간(444.0 ${\mu}g/g$)으로 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 탄닌 등 항산화성분 함량은 전반적으로 조와 기장 각각 두 품종과 흰찰수수는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 황금찰수수는 초반에 급격히 감소하다가 발아가 진행되면서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 황금찰수수는 무발아 시료 및 96시간 발아시킨 시료에서 각각 201.00 및 137.17 mg/g을 보였으며, 흰찰수수는 각각 54.23 및 97.90 mg/g으로 나타났다. 황금조 및 붉은기장 무발아 시료의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 40.29 및 19.81 mg TE/g의 활성을 보였으며, 96시간 발아시료에서 각각 51.96 및 26.17 mg TE/g의 활성을 보였다. 황금찰수수 무발아 시료는 176.03 mg TE/g의 활성을 보였으며, 발아시료는 대체적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 황금찰수수를 이용한 발아잡곡의 제조는 살수를 하는 공정이 없는 방법을 이용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각되고 조, 기장 등의 잡곡은 발아기를 이용하여 제조하는 것이 양호할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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