Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Chemopreventive Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) on Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  • Lee, Ho-Sun (College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Park, Jong-Yun (Division of Cancer Prevention and Controls, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute) ;
  • Yang, Mi-Hi (College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University)
  • Received : 2010.12.28
  • Accepted : 2011.04.20
  • Published : 2011.09.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known environmental carcinogens. PAH metabolites, especially BaP-7,8- dihydrodiol, 9,10 epoxide, initiate carcinogenesis via high specificity binding to DNA to form DNA adducts. The Korean red ginseng (KRG) from Panax ginseng has been suggested to protect against damages due to PAH exposure but the mechanism is unknown. Therefore, we investigated effects of KRG on PAH exposure using toxicokinetic methods and changes of PAH-induced oxidative damage during a 2 week-clinical trial (n=21 healthy young female, $23.71{\pm}2.43$ years). To analyze antioxidative effects of KRG, we measured changes in the levels of urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) before and after KRG treatment. We observed a significant positive association between levels of urinary MDA and 1-hydroxypyrene, a biomarker of PAH exposures (slope=1.47, p=0.03) and confirmed oxidative stress induced by PAH exposures. A reverse significant correlation between KRG treatment and level of urinary MDA was observed (p=0.03). In summary, results of our clinical trial study suggest that KRG plays a significant role in antioxidative as well as toxicokinetic pathways against PAHs exposure.

Keywords

References

  1. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. Lyon: IARC Press, 2010.
  2. Yang M, Kim S, Lee E, Cheong HK, Chang SS, Kang D, Choi Y, Lee SM, Jang JY. Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in non-occupationally exposed Koreans. Environ Mol Mutagen 2003;42:250-257. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.10196
  3. Sabo-Attwood T, Ramos-Nino M, Mossman BT. Environmental carcinogens. In: Chang AE, Ganz PA, Hayes DF, Kinsella TJ, Pass HI, eds. Oncology: an evidence-based approach. New York: Springer, 2006. p.233-243.
  4. Yang M, Jang JY, Kim S, Lee SM, Chang SS, Cheong HK, Lee E, Kang D, Kim H, Kawamoto T et al. Genetic effects on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in a Korean population. Carcinogenesis 2003;24:1085-1089. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg054
  5. Shukla R, Kumar M. Role of Panax ginseng as an antioxidant after cadmium-induced hepatic injuries. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:769-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.002
  6. Tagesson C, Kallberg M, Wingren G. Urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as potential markers of oxidative stress in industrial art glass workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1996;69:5-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02630732
  7. Ogata M, Taguchi T. Simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine and metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene and phenol by automated high performance liquid chromatography. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1988;61:131-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381617
  8. World Health Organization. Global database on body mass index. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bmi.
  9. Hong YC, Park EY, Park MS, Ko JA, Oh SY, Kim H, Lee KH, Leem JH, Ha EH. Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population. Toxicol Lett 2009;184:139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.001
  10. Lee KH, Bartsch H, Nair J, Yoo DH, Hong YC, Cho SH, Kang D. Effect of short-term fasting on urinary excretion of primary lipid peroxidation products and on markers of oxidative DNA damage in healthy women. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:1398-1403. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgi337
  11. Penning TM, Burczynski ME, Hung CF, McCoull KD, Palackal NT, Tsuruda LS. Dihydrodiol dehydrogenases and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon activation: generation of reactive and redox active o-quinones. Chem Res Toxicol 1999;12:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980143n
  12. Hu CW, Wu MT, Chao MR, Pan CH, Wang CJ, Swenberg JA, Wu KY. Comparison of analyses of urinary 8-hydroxy- 2'-deoxyguanosine by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;18:505-510. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1367
  13. Pan CH, Chan CC, Huang YL, Wu KY. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and malondialdehyde in male workers in Chinese restaurants. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:732- 735. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.036970
  14. Kim HS, Lee BM. Protective effects of antioxidant supplementation on plasma lipid peroxidation in smokers. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001;63:583-598. https://doi.org/10.1080/152873901316857761
  15. Lee BM, Lee SK, Kim HS. Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and red ginseng). Cancer Lett 1998;132:219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00227-4
  16. Choi KM, Lee EJ, Kim YH, Baik SH, Kim YK, Choi DS. Effects of red ginseng on the lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte and antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in NIDDM patients. Korean J Ginseng Sci 1997;21:153-159.
  17. Ryu JK, Lee T, Kim DJ, Park IS, Yoon SM, Lee HS, Song SU, Suh JK. Free radical-scavenging activity of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats. Urology 2005;65:611-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.10.038

Cited by

  1. Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety vol.14, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-265
  2. 마우스 수컷 생식세포에서 비스페놀 A에 대한 인삼 에탄올 추출물의 보호 효과 vol.23, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2015.23.2.138
  3. Metabolic Evidence Rather Than Amounts of Red or Processed Meat as a Risk on Korean Colorectal Cancer vol.11, pp.7, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070462