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Effects of Enzyme Treatment in Steeping Process on Physicochemical Properties of Wet-Milled Rice Flour

효소 전처리에 의한 습식제분 쌀가루의 이화학적 특성

  • 김래영 (창신대학 호텔조리제빵과) ;
  • 박재희 (경남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김창순 (창원대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2011.07.14
  • Accepted : 2011.08.23
  • Published : 2011.09.30

Abstract

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of wet-milled rice flour treated with pectinase and cellulase in a steeping process. Enzyme treatments were used as follows: pectinase 0.05%, cellulase 0.05%, and mixed enzyme treatments 0.05~0.2%. For particle distribution, rice flour E-treated with mixed enzymes (pectinase 0.05% and cellulase 0.05%) was the finest at 48.3% particle distribution less than $53\;{\mu}m$. Protein contents and damaged starch were reduced by enzyme treatments. Damaged starch was the lowest (12.1%) in rice flour E compared with non-enzyme treatment (18.1%). Amylose content, water binding capacity, solubility, and swelling power all increased upon enzyme treatments, and their effects increased upon mixed enzyme treatment. For gelatinization characteristics of RVA, peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and total setback viscosity increased in rice flours treated with mixed enzymes. Especially, in steeping method with mixed enzyme treatment, pectinase 0.05% and cellulase 0.05% treatment was suitable for minimizing damaged starch and high fine particle distribution of rice flours compared with single enzyme treatment.

미세한 입도분포와 전분 손상도를 최소화할 수 있는 쌀가루의 제분조건을 제시하고자 쌀 침지과정에서 pectinase와 cellulase 효소를 처리한 반습식제분 쌀가루의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 효소처리는 단일효소 처리(0.05%)와 두 가지 효소를 동일비율로 사용한 복합효소처리로 0.05~0.2% 농도 수준에서 사용하였다. 입도분포는 복합효소처리(pectinase 0.05%+cellulase 0.05%) E에서 $53\;{\mu}m$ 이하의 입도분포율이 48.3%로 높아 가장 미세한 쌀가루를 얻을 수 있었다. 단백질 함량은 효소처리로 감소하였으며, 복합효소 처리 E에서 6.97%로 가장 낮았다. 손상전분 함량은 효소무처리구는 18.1%로 높은 반면 효소처리 후 감소하여 복합효소처리 E는 12.1%로 가장 낮았다. 효소처리로 겉보기 아밀로즈 함량, 물결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력이 증가하였으며, 단일효소처리보다 복합효소처리에서 그 증가폭이 컸다. SEM 미세구조관찰에서 수침 및 효소처리를 통해 쌀가루의 집합체로부터 매끈하게 떨어져나간 미세입자의 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 복합효소처리 쌀가루의 경우 RVA 호화특성인 최고점도, 냉각 점도, breakdown 및 total setback 점도의 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 쌀가루 제분의 전처리 과정으로서 단일효소처리보다는 pectinase 0.05%와 cellulase 0.05%의 복합효소처리 침지조건이 높은 미세 입도분포율과 낮은 전분손상도를 갖는 쌀가루 제조에 가장 적합함을 알 수 있었으며 이는 호화특성에도 영향을 미쳐 쌀 가공품의 품질향상에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

Keywords

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