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The Formation of the Cenozoic Volcanic Edifice in the Goseong-Ganseong Area, Gangwondo, Korea

강원도 고성-간성일대의 신생대 화산체의 형성과정

  • Kim, Hwa Sung (Kangwon Science High School) ;
  • Kil, Youngwoo (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Moon Won (Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University)
  • 김화성 (강원과학고등학교) ;
  • 길영우 (전남대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 이문원 (강원대학교 사범대학 과학교육학부)
  • Received : 2012.10.04
  • Accepted : 2012.12.21
  • Published : 2012.12.31

Abstract

In the Obongri-Goseong area of Gangwondo, South Korea, there are six densely distributed volcanic edifices i.e., Duibaejae, Oeumsan, Galmibong, 249 m height, 166 m height, and 102 m height, and two other volcanic edifices including Goseongsan and Unbongsan volcanic edifice that are separately located from a distance. A previously undiscovered 249m volcanic edifice in Obongri was found in this investigation, and the six volcanic edifices distributed in Obongri will be referred to as the Obongri volcanic edifice group. Volcanic edifices in this area were interpreted by other researchers as being volcanic plug, plug dome, and cylindrical volcanic pipe type edifices. The aim of this study is to investigate the aspect of volcanic activity in the Obongri-Goseong area and the formation of volcanic edifices by examining of the shape of volcanic edifices, stratigraphy, and characterization of volcanic products. All the volcanic edifices in the area are composed of basaltic rocks on the Mesozoic granite basement, and the prevalence of the dome shape increased towards the upper part of the mountain. Three volcanic edifices (Duibaejae, 166 m height, 102 m height) include intercalated pyroclastic deposits between the basaltic rocks and the basement. The pyroclastic deposit in the Duibaejae volcanic edifice is composed of quartz, feldspar, granite fragments originated from the basement, and scoria fragments originated from the volcanic eruption. In addition to angular olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene xenocrysts, all the basaltic rocks contained mantle xenolith, gabbroic xenolith originated from the lower crust, and granitic xenolith originated from the basement. This fact indicates that magma rapidly rose to the surface and that the volcanic activity was explosive. It is also interpreted that, as the basaltic magma became highly viscous due to the large amount of xenocrysts, the erupted magma formed a dome structure on the surface. The original dome structure was then severely eroded out leaving a plug dome formation on the basement.

강원도 고성군 오봉리에는 6개의 화산체(뒤배재, 오음산, 갈미봉, 249 m 고지, 166 m 고지, 102 m 고지)가 밀집하여 분포하고 있다. 그리고 고성산 화산체와 운봉산 화산체가 단독으로 멀리 떨어져 있다. 오봉리의 249 m 고지 화산체는 이 연구에서 새롭게 발견된 것이며, 오봉리에 분포하는 6개의 화산체들을 오봉리 화산체군이라 명명한다. 이 지역 화산체는 여러 연구자에 따라 화산전, 플러그 돔, 원통형 화산통 등으로 해석된다. 이 연구는 화산체의 형태, 화산분출물의 층서 및 특징을 바탕으로 화산활동 양상과 화산체의 형성과정을 알아보았다. 이 지역의 모든 화산체는 중생대 화강암 위에 현무암류가 분포하고, 기반암에서 상부로 갈수록 산사면의 경사도가 증가하는 돔 형태이다. 특히 3개의 화산체(뒤배재, 166 m 고지, 102 m 고지)에서는 현무암과 기반암 사이에 화성쇄설층이 발견된다. 뒤배재 화산체의 화성쇄설층에서는 기반암 기원으로 추정되는 석영, 장석 및 화강암편과 화산분출물인 스코리아 암편이 분포한다. 그리고 모든 화산체의 현무암내에는 맨틀포획암과 기반암인 화강암류와 하부지각 기원의 반려암류의 포획암을 함유한다. 또한 각진 형태의 감람석, 사장석, 휘석 등의 포획광물이 있다. 이러한 사실은 마그마가 지표로 빠르게 상승하였고, 화산활동이 폭발적이었음을 지시한다. 또한 현무암내의 다량의 포획광물 등은 현무암질 마그마의 점성을 증가시켜 돔형의 화산체를 형성한 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 화산체가 오랜 시간 동안의 삭박작용을 거쳐 원지형이 파괴되면서, 돔의 심부가 기반암 위에 플러그 돔으로 남게 된 것으로 해석된다.

Keywords

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  3. Distribution and Petrology of the Columnar Joint in South Korea vol.23, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2014.23.2.45