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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Mulberry Leaves and Silkworm Excreta Extracts on Weight Performance, Blood Characteristics and Cecal Microflorae of Chicks

뽕잎과 잠분 추출물 급여가 육계의 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 맹장 내 미생물군에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2012.05.22
  • Accepted : 2012.10.17
  • Published : 2012.12.30

Abstract

The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of mulberry leaves and silkworm excreta ethanol extracts on weight performances, blood characteristics, cecal microflorae of chickens. Two hundred forty male broiler chicks(Ross) were fed diets for five weeks containing 0.1%(MLA) and 1%(MLB) of mulberry leaves ethanol extracts, and 0.1%(SEA) and 1%(SEB) of silkworm excreta ethanol extracts. Weight performance did show no significant difference in all test groups which were fed with supplementation of mulberry leaves and silkworm excreta ethanol extracts. They showed better weight gain and feed conversion than the negative control group which was fed only with forage without antibiotics. ABTS(2'-azine-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) test was conducted to investigate free radical scavenging activity of blood in tested groups. ABTS scavenging activities of tested groups were higher than control groups in significant level, though there was no significant difference(P = 0.396). Specifically, MLB group showed the highest scavenging activity. Blood-level concentration of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was also decreased in tested groups and the lowest level was observed in SEA(P = 0.001). As storage time increased at $4^{\circ}C$, muscle-level MDA concentrations of all tested groups were generally increased and significant difference was obsereved between tested groups and controls in total increase of MDA concentration($P=4.417{\times}10^{-3}$). In cecal microflorae, SEA and SEB showed decreased total microbe population compared to NC($P=6.462{\times}10^{-5}$) and even to PC. Supplementation of mulberry leave and silkworm excreta ethanol extract did show a similar inhibition effect against Salmonella sp., furthermore, MLB did enhanced the growth of Lactobacillus sp.($P=3.636{\times}10^{-7}$). In summary, ethanol extract of silkworm excreta may be a potential alternative of antibiotics for chicks. In addition, both of ethanol extracts supplementation to broiler chicks would be very useful not only to improve antioxidant effect of blood but also to suppress lipid peroxidation without any loss of weight performance in poultry farming.

본 연구는 뽕잎과 잠분의 에탄올 추출물을 첨가 급여하였을 경우, 육계의 생산성 및 저장성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여, 부화 1일령 육계 수평아리(Ross) 240수를 공시하여 항생제 무첨가군, 항생제 첨가군을 대조군으로 하고, 뽕잎 에탄올 추출물 0.1%와 1% 첨가군, 잠분 에탄올 추출물 0.1%와 1% 첨가군 등 6 처리군으로 분류하고 5주간 사육하여 육계의 생산성, 혈액 생화학, 혈액 내 항산화 관련 인자, 계육의 저장성, 맹장 내 미생물 균총 등에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 뽕잎 추출물 및 잠분 추출물 첨가 급여 시 육계의 증체량에서는 대조군들에 비해 유의한 수준의 차이를 보이지 않았고 및, 사료 요구율은 항생제 첨가 사료를 사용한 대조구에 비해 개선되어 생산성 향상 효과를 관찰할 수 있었고, 혈액 총항산화 활성을 나타내는 TEAC 수치 및 혈액 내 지질과산화물인 malondialdehyde(MDA) 함량을 조사한 결과 대조군에 비해 잠분 추출물 첨가 급여 시 혈액 성상의 긍정적 영향을 관찰할 수 있었다(P = 0.001). 또한 큰 차이는 아니었지만, 저장 기간별 지질산패도를 조사한 결과 뽕잎 추출물 및 잠분 추출물 첨가 급여 시 저장기간에 따른 지질 산화가 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였는데, 사육 종료 후 혈액을 채취하여 혈중 MDA 농도를 측정한 결과는 SEA 실험군에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였지만, 10일 동안 총 증가한 MDA의 농도는 MLB군에서 가장 낮았다($P=4.417{\times}10^{-3}$). 맹장 내 미생물 균총에 대한 영향은 잠분 추출물 첨가 급여 시 항생제 무첨가군에 비해 총 균수의 감소가 유의한 수준에서 관찰되었고($P=6.462{\times}10^{-5}$), coliform bacteria의 경우 항생제 무첨가군에 비해 유의한 수준에서 ($P=1.182{\times}10^{-7}$) 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. Salmonella sp.에 대한 생장저해 효과는 전실험군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P = 0.343). 흥미로운 점은 다른 처리군들과 달리 MLB 실험군의 경우 무항생제 실험군에 비해 유의한 수준은 아니지만 Lactobacillus sp.의 성장을 향상시키는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 육계용 사료에 있어서 뽕잎과 잠분의 에탄올 추출물 첨가 급여가 생산성을 저하시키지 않으면서도 혈액성상에 유익한 영향을 제공함으로써 계육의 품질 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 제공함은 물론 항생제 대체제로서의 효과를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 실용화 될 경우 잠업 농가의 수익성 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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