한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제26권6호
  • /
  • Pages.892-901
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  • 2012
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  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
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  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지

영산강 수계에서 죽산보 건설 중의 어류 분포.종 조성 및 군집구조 특성

Fish Distribution, Compositions and Community Structure Characteristics during Juksan-Weir Construction in Yeongsan River Watershed

  • 고대근 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과) ;
  • 최지웅 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과) ;
  • 임병진 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 박종환 (국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) ;
  • 안광국 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과)
  • Ko, Dae-Geun (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Woong (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lim, Byung Jin (Yeongsan River Environment Research Center) ;
  • Park, Jong Hwan (Yeongsan River Environment Research Center) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • 투고 : 2012.11.06
  • 심사 : 2012.12.18
  • 발행 : 2012.12.31
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초록

본 연구에서는 2011년 4대강 사업으로 건설된 영산강의 죽산보를 기점으로 상류구간(R-UW) 및 하류구간(R-LW)에서의 어류상, 어류분포 특성 및 어류군집 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 단순히 어류 특성을 기술하는 연구이지만, 향후 오랜 시간이 경과한 후 수생태계의 보 건설에 대한 변화특성을 규명하는데 중요한 자료로 이용될 것으로 사료되었다. 총 8과 30종의 어류가 서식하는 것으로 분석되었고, 죽산보의 상류 및 하류구간에서는 각각 23종(938개체), 27종(1,680)이 출현하여 하류 구간에서 종수 및 개체수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 죽산보 전 구간에서 출현한 우점종은 끄리(Opsarichthys uncirostris amurensis)로써 42%의 높은 출현율을 보였고, R-UW(30%)에 비해 R-LW(49%)에서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 주연성 어종은 웅어(Coilia nasus)가 출현하였고, 상류 구간과 하류 구간 사이에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 외래종은 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus), 배스(Micropterus salmoides) 등의 3종이 모든 구간에서 출현하였으며, R-UW에서는 떡붕어(1.2%), 블루길(3.7%)이, R-LW에서는 배스가(6.7%)가 분포하여 교란요인으로 작용할 것이다. 내성도 길드(Tolerance guild) 분석에 따르면, 민감종은 전체 개체 수 측면에서 0.4~0.5%, 내성종은 65~70%의 범위를 보여 영양염류 및 유기물 오염 현상이 두드러지게 나타났다. 섭식 길드(Trophic guild)에서 육식종은 57~77%, 충식종 및 잡식종은 각각 10~20% 범위에 있어 육식종의 과대분포 양상을 보였다. 한편, 영산강 수계에서 실시된 지난 60여 년간의 어류 자료 검토 결과 멸종위기 야생 동물 II급으로 지정된 백조어(Culter brevicauda)가 본 연구 기간에 최초로 서식이 확인되었으며, 하류 구간에서 5개체(0.2%)가 관찰되어 지속적인 어류모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 본 지역에 대하여 백조어 개체군의 보호구역으로 지정해야 할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this research was to analyze fish fauna, distribution patterns, and fish community structures in the Juksan-Weir regions of upper weir(R-UW) and lower weir(R-LW), which was constructed in 2011 on Yeongsan River watershed. Our outcomes will provide valuable information in the impact analysis of weir constructions next decades, even if the current research is limited to distributions and fauna studies of fishes. The fishes observed were 8 family and 30 species in all the sites, and the number of the species in the regions of R-UW and R-LW was 23(938 individuals) and 27(1,680 individuals), respectively, indicating greater abundance in the lower region of Juksan-Weir. Most dominant species was Opsarichthys uncirostris amurensis with relative abundance of 42%, and this species had greater abundance in the R-LW(49%) than in the R-UW(30%). Coilia nasus, was the migratory fish sampled in this region and had no differences of abundance between the two regions. The extic species observed were Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides. The two formers of Carassius cuvieri(1.2%) and Lepomis macrochirus(3.7%) dominated in the R-UW, whereas Micropterus salmoides had greater dominance in the region of R-LW. According to tolerance guild analysis, the proportion of sensitive species ranged from 0.4 to 0.5%, and that of tolerant species ranged from 65% to 70%, implying a severe pollution of nutrients and organic matters in the water body. In the mean time, according to trophic guild analysis, the proportion of carnivores(57 - 77%) was evidently higher than that of insectivores(10 - 20%), indicating a dominance of the carnivores. Especially, high abundance of the bass, exotic species, may disturb the fish overall food chain, so the efficient ecosystem management may be required for the conservation of endemic species. When we examined fish data files of last 60 years, the species of Culter brevicauda, designated as endangered species, was observed firstly in our research area and the total number was 5 individuals(0.2% of the total). So, this region observed should be conserved as a protection zone and further monitoring studies should be done in the future.

키워드

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