Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Sun Ginseng Protects Endothelial Progenitor Cells From Senescence Associated Apoptosis

  • Im, Woo-Seok (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Chung, Jin-Young (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Bhan, Jae-Jun (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Lim, Ji-Yeon (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Lee, Soon-Tae (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Chu, Kon (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC) ;
  • Kim, Man-Ho (Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, SNUMC)
  • Received : 2011.05.25
  • Accepted : 2011.08.03
  • Published : 2012.01.11
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Abstract

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are a population of cells that circulate in the blood stream. They play a role in angiogenesis and, therefore, can be prognostic markers of vascular repair. Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ prevents endothelial cell apoptosis through the inhibition of the mitochondrial caspase pathway. It also affects estrogen activity, which reduces EPC senescence. Sun ginseng (SG), which is heat-processed ginseng, has a high content of ginsenosides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of SG on senescence-associated apoptosis in EPCs. In order to isolate EPCs, mononuclear cells of human blood buffy coats were cultured and characterized by their uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) and their binding of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (ulex-lectin). Flow cytometry with annexin-V staining was performed in order to assess early and late apoptosis. Senescence was determined by ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-gal) staining. Staining with 4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole verified that most adherent cells (93${\pm}$2.7%) were acLDL-positive and ulex-lectin-positive. The percentage of ${\beta}$-gal-positive EPCs was decreased from 93.8${\pm}$2.0% to 62.5${\pm}$3.6% by SG treatment. A fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that 4.9% of EPCs were late apoptotic in controls. Sun ginseng decreased the apoptotic cell population by 39% in the late stage of apoptosis from control baseline levels. In conclusion, these results show antisenescent and antiapoptotic effects of SG in human-derived EPCs, indicating that SG can enhance EPC-mediated repair mechanisms.

Keywords

References

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