Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Different Varieties of Foxtail Millet and Proso Millet according to Cultivation Time

품종 및 재배시기에 따른 조와 기장의 항산화성분 및 항산화활성

  • Woo, Koan-Sik (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Saeng (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ko, Jee-Yeon (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Seuk-Bo (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Hye-In (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Byeong-Geun (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwak, Do-Yeon (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Nam, Min-Hee (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, In-Seok (Dept. of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Heon-Sang (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University)
  • 우관식 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 송석보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 서혜인 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 오병근 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 곽도연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 남민희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 오인석 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정헌상 (충북대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2011.12.08
  • Accepted : 2012.02.21
  • Published : 2012.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Effects of cultivation time on the antioxidant contents and activities of foxtail millet and proso millet were determined. The cultivation times were early-season (ES), normal-season (NS), and late-season (LS), and the cultivated varieties were Hwanggeum-cho (HGC), Cheongcha-cho (CCC), Samdamae (SDM), Gyeongkwan 1 (GK 1), Gyeongkwan 2 (GK 2), Ganghae-cho (GHC), Hwanggeum-gijang (HGG), Manhongchal-gijang (MHCG), Byeoruk-gijang (BRG), Norangchal-gijang (NRG), and Whin-gijang (WG). The total polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin content, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extracts of foxtail millet and proso millet showed significant differences according to cultivation variety and time. The highest total polyphenol content of foxtail millet was 29.33 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of sample in GK 1 at LS, whereas that of proso millet was 23.48 mg of GAE/g of sample in BRG at LS. The highest total flavonoid content of foxtail millet was 2.12 mg of catechin equivalent (CE)/g of sample in CCC at ES, whereas that of proso millet was 4.49 mg of CE/g of sample in BRG at LS. The highest total tannin content of foxtail millet was 14.07 mg of tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g of sample in SDM at LS, whereas that of proso millet was 15.59 mg of TAE/g of sample in BRG at LS. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of foxtail millet was 7.71 mg of TE/g of sample in CCC at NS, whereas that of proso millet was 12.66 mg of TE/g of sample in BRG at LS. The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity of foxtail millet was 8.05 mg of TE/g of sample in GK 1 at LS, whereas that of proso millet was 34.46 mg of TE/g of sample in BRG at LS. Generally, HGC, GK 1, and GHC had more beneficial effects at LS than ES or NS, whereas CCC, SDM, and GK 2 had more beneficial effects at NS than ES or LS, and proso millet had more beneficial effects at LS than ES or NS.

조와 기장의 항산화성분 및 항산화활성에 미치는 재배시기의 영향을 규명하고자 재배시기를 달리하여 수확된 시료 메탄올 추출물의 항산화성분 및 항산화활성을 분석하였다. 재배시기에 따른 조와 기장 메탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 탄닌 등의 항산화성분의 함량과 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성은 품종 및 재배시기별로 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 황금조, 청차조, 삼다메 및 경관1호의 경우 만기재배에서, 경관2호는 보통기재배에서, 강해조는 조기와 만기재배에서 비교적 높은 함량을 보였고 기장의 경우 전체적으로 만기재배에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 황금조와 경관2호는 보통기재배에서, 청차조, 삼다메 및 경관1호는 조기재배에서, 강해조는 만기재배에 높은 함량을 보였고 기장은 만기재배에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 총 탄닌 함량은 황금조는 조기재배에서, 청차조, 삼다메 및 강해조는 만기재배에서, 경관2호는 보통기재배에 높은 함량을 보였고 기장은 만기재배에서 조기나 보통기재배보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 조의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 황금조, 삼다메 및 강해조는 만기재배에서, 청차조와 경관2호는 보통기재배에서, 경관1호는 조기재배에서 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, 기장은 전체적으로 만기재배에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS radical 소거활성은 황금조, 경관1호 및 강해조는 만기재배에서, 청차조, 삼다메 및 경관2호는 보통기재배에서 높은 활성을 나타내었고 기장은 만기재배에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 항산화성분 함량 및 항산화활성을 분석한 결과에서 조의 경우 조기재배보다는 보통기 내지 만기재배가 유리할 것으로 보이며, 기장은 만기재배가 유리할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho NK, Song CK, Kim IS, Cho YI, Oh EK. 2001. Effect of number of plants per hill on the major characters, forage yield and chemical composition of Jeju Italian millet. J Anim Sci Technol 43: 967-972.
  2. Kim KJ, Lim KH. 1987. Study on the physico-chemical properties of rice grains harvested from different regions. Korean J Crop Sci 32: 234-242.
  3. Ha YD, Lee SP. 2001. Characteristic of proteins in Italian millet, sorghum and common millet. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 8: 182-192.
  4. Park HS, Ko MS, Kim JT, Oh KW, Pae SB. 1999. Agronomic characteristics of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties. Korean J Breed 31: 428-433.
  5. Kim HS, Kim HS, Kim KH. 2006. Effects of sowing date for seed quality of sprout-soybean. Korean J Crop Sci 51: 152-159.
  6. Kim HS, Kim HS, Kim KH, Oh YJ, Suh SK, Park HK. 2005. Water absorption and germination ratio of sprout-soybean varieties affected by different planting date. Korean J Crop Sci 50: 132-135.
  7. Lee HH, Chu SH, Ryu SN, Shin MC, Koh HJ. 2006. Grain characteristics of green-kerneled rices under different planting time and N-fertilizer levels. Korean J Breed 38: 358-365. 8. Kim HS, P
  8. Kim HS, Park KG, Baek SB, Son YK, Lee CW, Kim JG, Kim JC, Nam JH. 2003. Genotype and environment effects on barley grain $\beta-glucan$ content. Abstract presented at Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Crop Science. Seoul, Korea. p 240-241.
  9. Kim KJ, Lim KH. 1987. Study on the physico-chemical properties of rice grains harvested from different regions. Korean J Crop Sci 32: 234-242.
  10. Yi MA, Kwon TW, Kim JS. 1997. Changes in isoflavone contents during maturation of soybean seed. J Food Sci 2: 255-258.
  11. Shin SO, Shin SH, Ha TJ, Lim SG, Choi KJ, Baek IY, Lee SC, Park KY. 2009. Soybean ecological response and seed quality according to altitude and seeding dates. Korean J Crop Sci 54: 143-158.
  12. Joo YH, Park JH, Kim YH, Choung MG, Chung KW. 2004. Change in anthocyanin contents by cultivation and harvest time in black-seeded soybean. Korean J Crop Sci 49: 512- 515.
  13. Jung CS, Park YJ, Kwon YC, Suh HS. 1996. Variation of anthocyanin content in color-soybean collections. Korean J Crop Sci 41: 302-307.
  14. Kim DK, Lee JY, Yoon CY, Lee YS, Kuk YI, Chon SU, Park IJ. 2003. Growth and green pod yield by sowing and acclimation dates in autumn green pea. Korean J Crop Sci 48: 447-451.
  15. Choi Y, Kim MH, Shin JJ, Park JM, Lee J. 2003. The antioxidant activities of the some commercial teas. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 723-727. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.5.723
  16. Zielinski H, Kozlowska H. 2000. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected grains and their different morphological fractions. J Agr Food Chem 48: 2008-2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990619o
  17. Dewanto V, Xianzhong W, Liu RH. 2002. Processed sweet corn has higher antioxidant activity. J Agr Food Chem 50: 4959-4964. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0255937
  18. Jia Z, Tang M, Wu J. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and they scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64: 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2
  19. Duval B, Shetty K. 2001. The stimulation of phenolics and antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativam) elicited by genetically transformed anise root extract. J Food Biochem 25: 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2001.tb00746.x
  20. Choi Y, Lee SM, Chun J, Lee HB, Lee J. 2006. Influence of heat treatment on the antioxidant activities and polyphenolic compounds of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom. Food Chem 99: 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.004
  21. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Sci 2: 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01018-2
  22. Middleton E, Kandaswami C. 1994. Potential health-promoting properties of citrus flavonoids. Food Technol 48: 115-119.
  23. Ramachandra G, Virupaksha TK, Shadaksharaswamy M. 1977. Relationship between tannin levels and in vitro protein digestibility in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.). J Agr Food Chem 25: 1101-1104. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60213a046
  24. Dykes L, Rooney LW. 2006. Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants. J Cereal Sci 44: 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.007
  25. Lee HK, Hwang IG, Kim HY, Woo KS, Lee SH, Woo SH, Lee J, Jeong HS. 2010. Physicochemical characteristic and antioxidant activities of cereals and legumes in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 1399-1404. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.9.1399
  26. Ko JY, Song SB, Lee JS, Kang JR, Seo MC, Oh BG, Kwak DY, Nam MH, Jeong HS, Woo KS. 2011. Changes in chemical components of foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum with germination. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 1128- 1135. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.8.1128
  27. Kim SM, Cho YS, Sung SK. 2001. The antioxidant ability and nitrite scavenging ability of plant extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 33: 626-632.
  28. Nieva MM, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. 2000. Comparison of the free radical-savenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  29. Kim JE, Joo SI, Seo JH, Lee SP. 2009. Antioxidant and α- glucosidase inhibitory effect of tartary buckwheat extract obtained by the treatment of different solvents and enzymes. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 989-995. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.8.989
  30. Kang YH, Park YK, Lee GD. 1996. The nitrite scavenging and electron donating ability of phenolic compounds. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28: 624-630.

Cited by

  1. Effects of Sowing Time on the Growth and Yield of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Jeonbuk Area vol.61, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2016.61.3.208
  2. Antioxidant Activities of Mixed Grains vol.29, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.5.635
  3. Changes in Quality Characteristics of Gochujang Prepared with Different Ingredients and Meju Starters vol.45, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.6.880
  4. Effects of processing sorghum and millets on their phenolic phytochemicals and the implications of this to the health-enhancing properties of sorghum and millet food and beverage products vol.95, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6713
  5. Antioxidant Component and Sensory Evaluation of Mixed Cereals vol.28, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2015.28.2.196
  6. Nutritional composition and functionality of mixed cereals powder vol.21, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.3.388
  7. Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Powdery Instant Porridge by Characteristics of Endosperm of Foxtail Millet vol.29, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.4.465
  8. Changes in the Functional Components and Radical Scavenging Activity of Korean Maize Hybrids According to Different Cropping Seasons vol.21, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-017-0117-0
  9. 참나무 수종별 톱밥재배에 따른 표고의 항산화 특성 vol.45, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4489/kjm.20170015
  10. 발아 조와 기장 첨가 밥의 호화 및 항산화 특성 vol.30, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.3.482
  11. Lactobacillus plantarum 첨가 고추장의 C57BL/6 마우스에서 대장염 예방 증진효과 vol.24, pp.8, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.8.1188
  12. 조(Setaria italica Beauv.)의 품종별 파종시기에 따른 이화학 특성과 항산화 활성 vol.31, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2018.31.4.449
  13. 국내 육성 조 및 수수 전분의 이화학적 특성 vol.52, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2020.52.3.220
  14. 액체종균에 의한 표고의 수확 주기에 따른 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성 vol.18, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.14480/jm.2020.18.3.234
  15. Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities of Proso Millet Cultivars vol.50, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.692
  16. Functional Compounds and Physiological Activities of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) and Finger Millet (Eleusine coracona) vol.50, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.11.1152