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A Study on Heavy Metal Contents in Processed Foods and Their Safety Evaluations

가공식품 중 중금속 함량 및 안전성 평가

  • Lee, Hyo-Jung (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Shim, Jee-Youn (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Suk (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Jang, Mi-Ran (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Lee, Yoon-Ae (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Lee, Ryun-Kyung (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min-A (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Min (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Cho, Tae-Yong (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kang, Ho-Il (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Daegu Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration)
  • 이효정 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 심지연 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 오현숙 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 장미란 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 이윤애 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 이륜경 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 김민아 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 이상민 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 조태용 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 강호일 (대구지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과)
  • Received : 2011.11.01
  • Accepted : 2011.12.09
  • Published : 2012.02.29

Abstract

This research was carried out as a survey on the contents of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in processed foods (milk, vegetable oil, and margarine) in Korea. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were Pb 0.3 ${\mu}g/kg$, Cd 0.15 ${\mu}g/kg$, and As 0.45 ${\mu}g/kg$ for milk and Pb 0.61 ${\mu}g/kg$, Cd 0.31 ${\mu}g/kg$, and As 0.91 ${\mu}g/kg$ for vegetable oil and margarine. The recoveries were 92.6-98.0% for Pb, 91.2-98.9% for Cd, and 97.9-104.7% for As. The average levels of Pb were 2.395 ${\mu}g/kg$ for milk, and 7.656 ${\mu}g/kg$ for vegetable oil. The average levels of Cd were 0.483 ${\mu}g/kg$ for milk, and 0.380 ${\mu}g/kg$ for vegetable oil, and levels of As were 0.781 ${\mu}g/kg$ for milk, and 1.241 ${\mu}g/kg$ for vegetable oil. The results of this study showed that Pb, Cd, and As contents in the whole samples were less than the maximum residual levels in the processed foods that were specified by the Codex standard.

본 연구에서는 주요섭취 가공식품(우유, 식용유지, 마가린) 3개 품목에 대한 납, 카드뮴, 비소의 기준 규격 설정을 위해 가공식품 총 287건을 전국 8개 권역(강원, 경기, 경남, 경북, 충청, 전남, 전북, 경남, 제주)에서 수거하고 각 시료를 microwave 분해법으로 전처리 하였다. 시료의 산분해 전처리 시 보다 객관화된 시료 전처리 방법의 확립을 위해 잔여 $^{12}C$ intensity를 ICP-MS로 측정하여 가장 분해정도가 우수한 조건(검체량, 질산량, 과산화수소량)을 선정하였다. 최적조건에서 전처리한 시료의 납, 카드뮴, 비소 함량은 ICP-MS로 분석하였다. 정량한계(Limit of quantification, LOQ)는 납의 경우, 우유 0.3 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지, 마가린 0.61 ${\mu}g/kg$ 이었고, 카드뮴의 경우, 우유 0.15 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지, 마가린 0.31 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 비소의 경우, 우유 0.45 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지, 마가린 0.91 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 납, 카드뮴, 비소의 회수율은 납 92.6-98.0%, 카드뮴 91.2-98.9%, 비소 97.9-105.6% 수준 이었다 모니터링 결과, 가공식품의 납의 평균함량은 우유 2.395 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지 7.656 ${\mu}g/kg$이었으며, 카드뮴의 평균함량은 우유 0.483 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지 0.380 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 비소의 평균함량은 우유 0.781 ${\mu}g/kg$, 식용유지 1.241 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 가공식품의 Codex 납 기준 0.02-0.1 mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.1 mg/kg, 비소 0.1 mg/kg 수준과 비교해 볼 때, 모든 검체에서 기준보다 낮은 수준이었다. 2005년 국민건강조사 DB에서 조사대상 인구집단 전체를 대상으로 위해평가 한 결과 대상 식품들의 납, 카드뮴, 비소의 인체노출수준을 JECFA의 납, 카드뮴, 비소의 잠정주간섭취허용량으로 나누어 위해지수를 산출한 결과, 1.0 보다 훨씬 낮게 나타남으로 위해도는 매우 낮은 수준으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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