The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics (대한치과보철학회지)

The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics (대한치과보철학회)
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Finite element analysis of the effects of a mouthguard on stress distribution of facial bone and skull under mandibular impacts

하악골 충격시 안면 두개골의 응력분산양상에 미치는 구강보호장치의 역할에 관한 유한요소법적 연구

  • Noh, Kwan-Tae (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Il-Han (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Roh, Hyun-Sik (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Yeon (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Woo, Yi-Hyung (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kwon, Kung-Rock (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Dae-Gyun (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University)
  • 노관태 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 김일한 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 노현식 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 김지연 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 우이형 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 권긍록 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실) ;
  • 최대균 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 보철학교실)
  • Received : 2011.10.12
  • Accepted : 2012.01.15
  • Published : 2012.01.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mouthguard on stress distribution under mandibular impact. Materials and methods: The FEM model of head consisted of skull, maxilla, mandible, articular disc, teeth, and mouthguard. The impact locations on mandible were gnathion, the center of inferior border, and the anterior edge of gonial angle. And the impact directions were vertical, oblique ($45^{\circ}$), and horizontal. The impact load was 800 N for 0.1 sec. Results: When vertical impact was applied, the similar stress and the distribution pattern was occurred without the relation of the mouthguard use (P>.05). The model with mouthguard was dispersed the stress to the teeth, the facial bone and the skull when the oblique ($45^{\circ}$) impacts were happened. However, the stress was centralized on the teeth in the model without mouthguard(P<.05). The model with mouthguard was dispersed the stress to the teeth, the facial bone and the skull when the horizontal impacts was occurred. However, the stress was centralized on the teeth without mouthguard (P<.05). For all impact loads, stress concentrated on maxillary anterior teeth in model without mouthguard, on the contrary, the stress was low in the model with mouthguard and distributed broadly on maxillary anterior teeth, facial bone, and skull. Conclusion: The mouthguard was less effective at shock absorbing when vertical impact was added. However, it was approved that mouthguard absorbed the shock regarded to the oblique ($45^{\circ}$) and horizontal impact by dispersing the shock to the broader areas and decreasing the stress.

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 하악골 충격 시 안면 두개골의 응력분산양상에 미치는 구강보호장치의 효과에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 구강보호장치를 제작하고 사람의 머리부위와 치열의 3차원적 유한요소 모델을 컴퓨터 토모그래피를 사용하여 제작하였다. 머리부위의 finite element model은 356,092요소와, 87,099절점으로 이루어져 있다. 그리고 skull과 maxillae, mandible, articular disc, teeth, 그리고 구강보호장치로 구성되었다. 경부의 움직임을 묘사하기 위하여 스프링이 사용되었다. 하악골의 충격점은 gnathion, center of inferior border 와 anterior edge of gonial angle이었다. 충격방향은 수직, 경사방향($45^{\circ}$), 그리고 수평이다. 충격량은 0.1초당 800 N이었다. 결과: 수직충격을 가한 경우에는 구강보호장치의 장착여부와 무관하게 비슷한 응력과 분산양상이 나타났다(P>.05). 경사충격($45^{\circ}$)을 가한 경우 구강보호장치를 장착한 모델에서는 응력이 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었으나 이에 비하여 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 치아에 응력이 집중되었다(P<.05). 수평충격을 가한 경우 구강보호장치를 장착한 모델에서는 응력이 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었으나 이에 비하여 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 치아에 응력이 집중되었다(P<.05). 구강보호장치를 장착하지 않은 모델에서는 상악 치아에 응력이 집중되는 반면, 장착한 모델에서는 모든 충격실험에서 계측된 응력이 매우 낮았으며, 전달된 응력이 상악 치아와 안면골 및 두개골로 넓게 분산되었다. 결론: 구강보호장치는 외부충격 시에 하악에 수직으로 가해지는 충격에는 완충효과가 적었고, $45^{\circ}$경사 충격과 수평 충격에는 발생하는 응력을 안면골과 두개골의 넓은 범위로 분산시키고 응력을 감소시켜 응력의 완충 효과가 있었다.

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