The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

Balance Exercise Program Using Training Mats Improves the Postural Balance of Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Lee, Kyoung-Jin (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Kim, Soon-Hyun (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Song, Chang-Ho (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University)
  • Received : 2012.05.31
  • Accepted : 2012.06.14
  • Published : 2012.06.26
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training using a training mat on the postural balance of the elderly individuals. Methods: Thirty-five participants were selected from a falling prevention class and were randomly allocated to two groups; 17 in an exercise group (EG, $72.7{\pm}5.1$ years) and 18 in the control group ($74.9{\pm}4.0$ years). The EG underwent balance training using training mats for 60 minutes a day, 2 days a week, for 4 weeks. Postural balance parameter (timed up and go test, functional reach test, and one leg standing) were measured pre- and post- training. Results: The EG showed significant improvements in all variables that were analyzed. Conclusion: This study confirmed that balance training using a training mat effectively improves the postural balance in elderly people at risk for falling.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee YW, Choi SJ, Song CH. The effect of a balance training program to improve the balance of aged patients with diabetes mellitus. J Korean Soc Phys Ther. 2010;22(3):23-30.
  2. Hausdorff JM, Rios DA, Edelberg HK. Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(8):1050-6. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.24893
  3. Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(26):1701-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198812293192604
  4. Murphy SL. Deaths: final data for 1998. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2000;48(11):1-105.
  5. Stevens JA, Corso PS, Finkelstein EA et al. The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults. Inj Prev. 2006;12(5):290-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2005.011015
  6. Alexander NB. Postural control in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(1):93-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06081.x
  7. Kjaer M, Jespersen JG. The battle to keep or lose skeletal muscle with ageing. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt 1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.58719
  8. Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD007146.
  9. Delbaere K, Bourgois J, Van Den Noortgate N et al. A home-based multidimensional exercise program reduced physical impairment and fear of falling. Acta Clin Belg. 2006;61(6):340-50. https://doi.org/10.1179/acb.2006.054
  10. Persch LN, Ugrinowitsch C, Pereira G et al. Strength training improves fall-related gait kinematics in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009;24(10):819-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.07.012
  11. Shimada H, Obuchi S, Furuna T et al. New intervention program for preventing falls among frail elderly people: the effects of perturbed walking exercise using a bilateral separated treadmill. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83(7):493-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PHM.0000130025.54168.91
  12. Rogers ME, Fernandez JE, Bohlken RM. Training to reduce postural sway and increase functional reach in the elderly. J Occup Rehabil. 2001;11(4):291-8. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013300725964
  13. Kim JJ, Gu S, Lee JJ et al. The effects of virtual reality-based continuous slow exercise on factors for falls in the elderly. J Korean Soc Phys Ther. 2012;24(2):90-7.
  14. Hiyamizu M, Morioka S, Shomoto K et al. Effects of dual task balance training on dual task performance in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012;26(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215510394222
  15. Nitz JC, Choy NL. The efficacy of a specific balance-strategy training programme for preventing falls among older people: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2004;33(1):52-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh029
  16. Lee SH, Han SC, Kim WJ et al. The effects of balance training using kybounder on collegeate bowler's performance. Korea J Sports Sci. 2010;19(3):1327-37.
  17. Saghaei M. Random allocation software for parallel group randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2004;4:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-4-26
  18. Verhagen E, Bobbert M, Inklaar M et al. The effect of a balance training programme on centre of pressure excursion in one-leg stance. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2005;20(10):1094-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.07.001
  19. Song CH, Petrofsky JS, Lee SW et al. Effects of an exercise program on balance and trunk proprioception in older adults with diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(8):803-11. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2011.0036
  20. Richardson JK, Sandman D, Vela S. A focused exercise regimen improves clinical measures of balance in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(2):205-9. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.19742
  21. Dorey G, Glazener C, Buckley B et al. Developing a pelvic floor muscle training regimen for use in a trial intervention. Physiotherapy. 2009;95(3):199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2009.03.003
  22. Brouwer BJ, Walker C, Rydahl SJ et al. Reducing fear of falling in seniors through education and activity programs: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(6):829-34. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.51265.x
  23. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x
  24. Hughes C, Osman C, Woods AK. Relationship among perfromance on stair ambulation, functional reach, and Timed Up and go tests in older adults. Issues on Aging. 1998;21:18-22
  25. Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J et al. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):M192-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.6.M192
  26. Resnick HE, Vinik AI, Schwartz AV et al. Independent effects ofperipheral nerve dysfunction on lower-extremity physical function in old age: the Women's Health and Aging Study. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(11):1642-7. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.11.1642
  27. Ageberg E, Roberts D, Holmström E et al. Balance in single-limb stance in healthy subjects--reliability of testing procedure and the effect of short-duration sub-maximal cycling. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2003;4:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-4-14
  28. Howe TE, Rochester L, Jackson A et al. Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(4):CD004963.
  29. Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test. Phys Ther. 2000;80(9):896-903.
  30. Nelson ME, Layne JE, Bernstein MJ et al. The effects of multidimensional home-based exercise on functional performance in elderly people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(2):154-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.2.M154
  31. Binder EF, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA et al. Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(12):1921-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x