Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Determination of S-Allyl-L-cystein, Diallyl Disulfide, and Total Amino Acids of Black Garlic after Spontaneous Short-term Fermentation

자가숙성발효 후 흑마늘의 S-Allyl-L-cystein, Diallyl Disulfide 및 Total Amino Acids 분석

  • Kim, Mun-Su (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Ju (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Bang, Woo-Suk (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Keun-Sung (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Park, Sung-Soo (Cheju Traditional Food Institute, Cheju Halla University)
  • 김문수 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김민주 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 방우석 (영남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김근성 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 박성수 (제주한라대학교 제주향토식품연구소)
  • Received : 2012.04.25
  • Accepted : 2012.05.02
  • Published : 2012.05.31
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Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants and has been used throughout the world as a food supplement and a folk medicine for thousands of years. Raw garlic has been processed into a variety of commercial garlic products for consumer convenience. The latest new processing technology, 'spontaneous short-term fermentation', has been developed to process raw garlic into black garlic. The physiologically active effects of garlic have been attributed to its organosulfur compounds. In this study, the proximate compositions and the total amino acid content of raw Namhae garlic and black garlic were determined. The two major organosulfur compounds of garlic, $S$-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), and diallyl-disulfide (DADS), were also analyzed using RP-HPLC. The proximate compositions were not different between raw and black garlic. The amount of 13 amino acids was greater in black garlic than in raw garlic among a total of 17 amino acids considered. The black garlic had 2-fold higher levels of SAC and 30-fold higher levels of DADS than the raw garlic. Therefore, it is suggested that consuming black garlic produced by spontaneous short-term fermentation is more effective than consuming raw garlic, in order for consumers to take more physiologically active organosulfur compounds (SAC and DADS), which are the compounds that are good for consumer health.

남해산 생마늘 및 흑마늘의 일반성분 분석, 아미노산 함량 및 마늘의 주요 황 함유 생리활성물질인 수용성 $S$-allyl-L-cysteine(SAC) 및 지용성 diallyl-disulfide(DADS)의 함량을 분석하여 발효 전후 이들 성분에 대한 함량 변화를 비교하였다. 일반성분의 함량은 생마늘과 자가숙성발효마늘에서 큰 변화가 없었다. 흑마늘 내의 17종 아미노산중 13종 아미노산 함량이 증가하였다. 특히 함황아미노산인 cysteine 및 methionine의 함량(mg/100 g)이 각각 $295.25{\pm}5.08$에서 $381.86{\pm}14.86$로, $47.2{\pm}3.92$에서 $66.6{\pm}1.08$로 증가하였고, histidine의 함량(mg/100 g)은 $319.19{\pm}5.42$에서 $796.62{\pm}7.01$로 크게 증가하였다. SAC 및 DADS의 함량(${\mu}g/g$)은 $245.35{\pm}1.35$에서 $522.51{\pm}1.19$로, $0.275{\pm}0.015$에서 $8.710{\pm}0.45$로 각각 2배와 30배 이상으로 생마늘에 비하여 흑마늘 내의 함량이 매우 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 이러한 현상은 자가숙성발효라는 제조과정에서 생마늘의 alliin이 1차적으로 효소와 기타 화학적 반응에 의해 allicin으로 전환된 후, allicin으로부터 다른 일련의 복합적인 화학반응에 의하여 많은 양의 SAC 및 DADS가 생성된 결과에 의하여 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 또한 자가숙성 발효 과정 중 이러한 SAC 및 DADS 등과 같은 마늘 내 함황화합물들의 지표물질 생성 확인은 인체에 유익한 생리활성을 보유한 많은 종류의 다른 함황화합물들이 동시에 흑마늘 내에서 생성되었음을 암시한다. 그러나 흑마늘의 제조과정은 85~95%의 습도, $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$에서 40여일 정도 장기간의 숙성이 필요하다. 이러한 숙성과정은 특정 미생물 또는 효소를 이용하여 단축할 필요가 있다. 또한 SAC 및 DADS 등과 같이 생리활성이 높은 함황 화합물들의 함량을 증가시킬 수 있는 새로운 가공법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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