DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Production of GABA-rich Tomato Paste by Lactobacillus sp. Fermentation

유산균 발효에 의한 GABA 함유 토마토 페이스트의 생산

  • 조석철 (서원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김동현 (동국대학교 화학생물공학과) ;
  • 박장서 (동국대학교 화학생물공학과) ;
  • 고종호 (한국폴리텍바이오대학 바이오식품분석과) ;
  • 변유량 ((주)바이오벤) ;
  • 국무창 (안양대학교 해양생명공학과)
  • Received : 2011.12.07
  • Accepted : 2012.02.09
  • Published : 2012.03.31

Abstract

For the purpose of production of GABA-rich tomato paste, this study was carried out to investigate GABA producing lactic acid bacteria from Korean traditional fermented food, Kimchi and optimize the culture conditions. As a result of fermentation, Lactobacillus brevis B3-20 among lactic acid bacteria isolated at the pre-experiments was the best producer of GABA at the tomato paste medium with 50%(wet-base) levels of dionized water. At the result of fermentation on the tomato paste medium with 0.5%(w/w) yeast extract, as a source of nitrogen, 3%(w/w) MSG(monosodium glutamate) and dionized water(the ratio of tomato paste and water was 2:8), Lb. brevis B3-20 produced the maximum GABA concentration, 143.38 mM. GABA-rich tomato paste showed the activity of free radical scavenging. Because GABA-rich tomato paste have functional ingredients such as ascorbic acid, lycopene, carotenoid, as well as GABA by lactic acid bacteria fermentation, GABA-rich tomato paste can be considered high functional materials.

${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid(GABA)는 자연계에 널리 분포하는 비단백질 구성 아미노산으로서, 신경전달물질, 뇌기능 촉진뿐 아니라, 혈압 저하 작용, 이뇨 작용, 항우울증 작용, 항산화 작용 등의 효과뿐만 아니라, 성장 호르몬의 분비 조절에도 관여하며, 통증 완화에도 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 토마토의 베타카로틴과 리코펜은 암 예방 기능을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 비타민 C 함유량은 다른 야채보다 월등히 높고 노화를 막으며, 골다공증 및 노인성 치매를 예방하는데 특효가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 여러 종류의 아미노산을 함유하고 있으며, 그 중에서도 글루탐산의 함유량은 매우 높다. 한국 전통식품 유래 균들인 식물성 유산균 중에서 토마토 발효에 적합한 GABA 생산 유산균을 선별하고, 이를 활용하여 GABA 함유 토마토 발효물의 최적 조건을 확립하였다. 토마토 페이스트에 50%(wet-base) 수준으로 가수를 한 후, GABA 생산 유산균을 각각 $1.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/m{\ell}$ 수준으로 조정하여 접종하여, 배양한 결과, Lb. brevis B1-31, Lb. brevis B3-20, Lb. brevis B3-39 등 3종의 유산균이 우수한 생육을 보였다. 이들 3주를 이용하여 GABA 생산량을 검토한 결과, Lb. brevis B3-20을 이용하여 배양한 군에서 최대의 GABA 생산을 보였다. 토마토 페이스와 물의 비율을 2:8(wet-base)로 하여 배양한 경우, 최대 54.7 mM 수준의 GABA가 생산되었으며, 질소원으로 yeast extract를 0.5%(w/w) 수준으로 첨가한 후, MSG를 3%(w/w) 수준으로 첨가한 배양에서 143.38 mM의 GABA가 생산되었다. GABA 함유 토마토 페이스트의 활성산소 제거능력을 검토한 결과, 활성 산소 제거능이 증가한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 3%(w/w) MSG를 첨가하여 발효한 토마토 페이스가 가장 낮은 농도에서 50% 수준의 활성산소를 제거할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, GABA 함유 토마토 페이스트 발효물은 원물 토마토의 ascorbic acid, lycopene, carotenoid 등과 같은 기능성 성분뿐만 아니라, 유산균 발효에 의한 GABA 등을 함유하고 있기 때문에, 우수한 기능성 소재로 그 가능성이 있다고 판단되며, 토마토 음료, 토마토 케첩 등과 같은 다양한 가공식품의 소재로서 사용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang JS, Lee BS, Kim YG. 1992. Changes in ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and the main constituents by a treatment conditions and of anaerobically treated green tea leaves. Korean J Food Sci Technol 24:315-319
  2. Cho YR, Ji YC, Hae CC. 2007. Producton of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) by Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from Kimchi and its neuroprotective effect on neuronal cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:104-109
  3. Cross ML. 2004. Immune-signaling by orally-delivered probiotic bacteria: Effects on common mucosal immunoresponses and protection at distal mucosal sites. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 17:127-134 https://doi.org/10.1177/039463200401700204
  4. Han SB, Kim YH. 2006. Production method of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid-enforced fermentative products by lactic acid bacteria, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid-enforced fermentative products producedby the method and their utilization. Korea Patent 10-0547018
  5. Hao R, Schmit JC. 1993. Cloning of the gene for glutamate decarboxylase and its expression during condiation in Neurospora crassa. Biochem J 15:887-890
  6. Ibolya MP, Vasanits A. 1999. Stability and characteristics of the o-phthaldialdehyde/3-mercaptopropionic acid and o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine reagents and their amino acid derivatives measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 835:73-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)01088-7
  7. Jeun JH, Kim HD, Lee HS, Ryu BH. 2004. Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus sp. produced ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) form traditional slat fermented anchovy. Korean J Food Nutr 1:72-79
  8. Komatsuzaki N, Shima, J, Kawamoto S, Momose H, Timura T. 2005. Production of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) by Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from traditional fermented foods. Food Microbiol 22:497-504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2005.01.002
  9. Kono I, Himeno K. 2000. Changes in ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid content during beni-koji making. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:617-619 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.617
  10. Krogsgaard-Larsen P. 1989. GABA receptors. In Receptor phamacolog function. Williams M, Glennon RA, Timmermans PMWM, eds. Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 349-383.
  11. Lee HB, Yang CB, YU TJ. 1972. Studies on the chemical composition of some fruit vegetables and fruits in Korea(I). Korean J Food Sci Technol 4:36-43
  12. Leventhal AG, Wang YC, Pu ML, Zhou YF, Ma Y. 2003. GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys. Science 300:812-815 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082874
  13. Maras B, Sweeney G, Barra D, Bossa F, Jhon RA. 1992. The amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem 206:93-98 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16905.x
  14. Park JH, Han SH, Shin MK, Park KH, Lim KC. 2002. Effect of hypertention falling of functional GABA green tea. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 10:37-40
  15. Park KB, Oh SH. 2006. Cloning, sequencing and expression of a novel glutamate decarboxylase gene from a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus brevis OPK-3. Bioresoure Tech (available online) 98:312-319
  16. Park KB, Oh SH. 2006. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus buchneri Strains with high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid producing capacity from naturally aged cheese. Food Sci Biotechnol 15:86-90
  17. Pratta G, Zorzoli R, Boggio SB, Picardi LA, Valle EM. 2004. Glutamine and glutamate levels and related metabolizing enzymes in tomato fruits with different shelf-life. Scientia Horticulturae 100:341-347 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2003.08.004
  18. Saikusa T, Horino T, Moki Y. 1994. Accumulation of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in the germ during water soaking. Biosci Biotech Biochem 58:2291-2292 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.2291
  19. Shelp BJ, Bown AW, McLean MD. 1999. Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Trends Plant Sci 4:446-452 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01486-7
  20. Takashi H, Mikiya T, Masaki O, Teppei T, Morihiko S. 2000. Antioxidant activity of different fractions of Spirulina platensis protean extract. Farmaco 56:497-500
  21. Tcherkas YV, Kartsova LA, Krasnova IN. 2001. Analysis of amino acids in human serum by isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 913:303-308 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01206-1
  22. Tsushida T, Murai T. 1987. Conversion of glutamic acid to ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid in tea reaves under anaerobic conditions. Agric Biol Chem 51:2856-2871
  23. Ueno H. 2000. Enzymatic and structural aspects on glutamate decarboxylase. J Mol Catal B Enzym 10:67-69 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00114-4
  24. Ueno Y, Hayakawa K, Takahashi S, Oda K. 1997. Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis IFO 12005. Biosci Biotech Biochem 61:1168-1171 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.1168
  25. Yang SY, Lu FX, Lu ZX, Bie XM, Jiao Y, Sun LJ, Yu B. 2008. Producton of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid by Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus Y2 under submerged fermentation. Amino Acids 34:473-478 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0544-x
  26. Yokoyama S, Hiramatsu J, Hayakawa, K. 2002. Production of ${\gamma}$-amminobutyric acid from alcohol distillery lees by Lactobacillus brevis IFO 12005. J Biosci Bioeng 93:95-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(02)80061-5

Cited by

  1. Changes in the Levels of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Free Amino Acids during Kimchi Fermentation vol.29, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.6.671
  2. Effects of NaCl Replacement with Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the Quality Characteristics and Sensorial Properties of Model Meat Products vol.34, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.4.552
  3. Production of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) by Lactic Acid Bacteria vol.33, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.3.377
  4. 보리 잎과 옥수수 수염의 혼합과 유산균 발효를 이용한 γ-aminobutyric acid 생산 증진 vol.25, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2017.25.1.171
  5. Increased production of GABA in non-alcoholic Makgeolli by optimization of lactic acid fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum vol.26, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.2.157
  6. 토마토 발효액을 이용한 고추장의 이화학적 및 기능적 특성 vol.52, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2020.52.2.183