Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Ground Corn Cob Replacement for Cassava Chip on Feed Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Urinary Derivatives in Swamp Buffaloes

  • Wanapat, M. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Pilajun, R. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Kang, S. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Setyaningsih, K. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Setyawan, A.R. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
  • Received : 2012.02.28
  • Accepted : 2012.05.07
  • Published : 2012.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Four Thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), about four years old with $400{\pm}20kg$ liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive dietary treatments. The treatments were: ground corn cob (GCC) replacement for cassava chip (CC) in concentrate at 0% (T1); GCC replacement at 33% (T2); GCC replacement at 67% (T3); and GCC replacement at 100% (T4), respectively. During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% BW while 5% urea-treated rice straw was given at ad libitum. The result revealed that there was no effect of GCC replacement on DMI among treatments. In addition, digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were not different while aNDF linearly increased with an increasing level of GCC replacement. However, GCC replacement did not affect rumen fermentation such as ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration; except C3 proportion which was the highest at 33% replacement while the lowest was at 100% replacement. All replacements of GCC resulted in similar protozoal and bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Purine derivatives (PD) concentration in urine and PD to creatinine (PDC) index were varied with time of urination and among treatments at 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 h post feeding and higher values were shown among the GCC replacement groups. However at 16 to 24 h-post feeding, it was untraceable. In addition, creatinine concentration was similar among all treatments at every sampling time. Based on the above results, GCC can be used as an energy source for swamp buffalo fed with rice straw. Spot sampling of urine can be used for purine derivatives determination.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis, 16th ed. Animal Feeds: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Virginia, USA, pp. 1-18.
  2. Broderick, G. A. and N. R. Merchen. 1992. Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2618-2632. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78024-2
  3. Cetinkaya, N., S. Yaman and N. H. O. Baber. 2006. The use of purine derivatives/ creatinine ratio in spot urine samples as an index of microbial protein supply in Yerli Kara crossbred cattle. Livest. Sci. 100:91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.07.004
  4. Chanthakhoun, V. and M. Wanapat. 2012. The in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation of various feeding using rumen liquor from swamp buffalo and cattle. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7:54-60. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2012.54.60
  5. Chen, X. B. and M. J. Gomes. 1995. Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives-an overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication 1992. International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Research Institude, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. pp. 21-25.
  6. Chen, X. B., D. J. Kyle and E. R. Orskov. 1993. Measurement of allantoin in urine and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. J. Chromatogr. 617:241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(93)80494-O
  7. Chen, X. B., M. C. N. Jayasuriya and H. P. S. Makkar. 2004. Measurement and application of purine derivatives:creatinine ratio in spot urine samples of ruminants. In: Estimation of Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminants Using Urinary Purine Derivatives (Ed. H. P. S. Makkar and X. B. Chen), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. pp. 167-179.
  8. Chizzotti, M. L., S. C. V. Filho, R. F. D. Valadares, F. H. M. Chizzotti and L. O. Tedeschi. 2008. Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle. Livest. Sci. 113:218-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.013
  9. Dennis, S. M., M. J. Arambel, E. E. Bartle and A. D. Dayton. 1983. Effect of energy concentration and source of nitrogen on numbers and types of rumen protozoa. J. Dairy Sci. 66:1248-1254. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81931-6
  10. Depies, K. K. and L. E. Armentano. 1995. Partial replacement of alfalfa fiber with fiber from ground corn cobs or wheat middlings. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1328-1335. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76754-6
  11. Dewhurst, R. J., D. R. Davies and R. J. Merry. 2000. Microbial protein supply from the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 85: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00139-5
  12. Fries, G. F., C. A. Lassiter, D. M. Steath and J. W. Rust. 1955. A preliminary report on the value of corn cobs and cottonseed hulls for growing dairy heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1203-1210.
  13. Galyean, M. 1989. Laboratory Procedure in Animal Nutrition Research. Department of Animal and Life Science. New Mexico State University, USA. p. 187.
  14. Han, S. O., H. Yukawa, M. Inui and R. H. Doi. 2003. Regulation of expression of cellulosomal cellulase and hemicellulase genes in Clostridium cellulovorans. J. Bacteriol. 185:6067-6075. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.20.6067-6075.2003
  15. Hawk, P. B., B. L. Oser and W. H. Summerson. 1976. Prac. Physiol. Chem., 14th ed. McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., London.
  16. Hobson, P. N. 1969. Continuous culture of some anaerobic and facutatively anaerobic rumen bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 38: 80-167.
  17. Hungate, R. E. 1966. The rumen and its microbes. Academic Press. New York and London. p. 533.
  18. Hungate, R. E. 1969. A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. In: Methods in Microbiology, edited by Norris (Ed. J. R. Norris and D. W. Ribbons), New York. Academic. pp. 313-117.
  19. IAEA. 1997. Determination of purine derivative in urine. In: Estimation of the rumen microbial protein production from purine derivatives in rumen. Animal Production and Health Section. Vienna, Austria. p. 49.
  20. Khampa, S., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn, N. Nontaso and M. Wattiaux. 2006. Effects of urea level and sodium DL-malate in concentrate containing high cassava chip on ruminal fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows raised under tropical condition. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19:837-844. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.837
  21. Kiyothong, K. and M. Wanapat. 2004. Growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and Stylo 184 grown under intercropping. Aisan-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:799-807. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.799
  22. Peyton, S. C. and H. R. Conrad. 1982. Corncobs as energy with urea nitrogen in dairy rations. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1465-1471. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82369-2
  23. Pimpa, O., J. B. Liang, J. Balcells, Z. A. Jelan and N. Abdullah. 2003. Urinary purine derivative excretion in swamp buffaloes after duodenal purine base infusion. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 104:191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00329-2
  24. Promkot, C. and M. Wanapat. 2005. Effect of level of crude protein and use of cottonseed meal in diets containing cassava chips and rice straw for lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:502-511. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.502
  25. Russell, J. B. and J. L. Rychlik. 2001. Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology. Science 292:1119-1122. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058830
  26. Samuel, M., S. Sagathewan, J. Thomas and G. Mathen. 1997. An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of ruminal fluid. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67:805-807.
  27. SAS. 1996. User's guide: Statistic, Version 5. Edition. SAS. Inst Cary, NC, USA.
  28. Siddons, R. C., J. Paradine, D. E. Beever and P. R. Cornell. 1985. Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. Br. J. Nutr. 54:509-520. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19850136
  29. Singh, M., K. Sharma, N. Dutta, P. Singh, A. K. Verma and U. R. Mehra. 2007. Estimation of rumen microbial protein supply using urinary purine derivatives excretion in crossbred calves fed at different levels of feed intake. J. Anim. Sci. 20:1567-1574.
  30. Thanh, Vo Thi Kim and E. R. Orskov. 2006. Causes of differences in urinary excretion of purine derivatives in buffaloes and cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 82:355-358.
  31. Valadares, R. F. D., G. A. Broderick, S. C. Valadares and M. K. Clayton. 1999. Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2686-2696. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75525-6
  32. Van Soest, P. J. 1965. Symposium on factors influencing the voluntary intake of herbage by ruminants-voluntary intake in relation to chemical composition and digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 24:834-843.
  33. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch carbohydrates in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  34. Wanapat, M. 1999. Feeding of ruminants in the tropics based on local feed resources, (Khon Kaen Publishing Company Ltd., Khon Kaen, Thailand).
  35. Wanapat, M. 2000. Rumen manipulation to increase the efficiency use of local feed resources and productivity of ruminants in tropics. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13(Suppl.):59-67.
  36. Wanapat, M. and O. Pimpa. 1999. Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:904-907. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.904
  37. Wanapat, M. and P. Rowlinson. 2007. Nutrition and feeding of swamp buffalo: feed resources and rumen approach. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 6:67-73.
  38. Wanapat, M. and S. Khampa. 2007. Effect of levels of supplementation of concentrate containing high levels of cassava chip on rumen ecology, microbial N supply and digestibility of nutrients in beef cattle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 20:75-81.
  39. Wanapat, M., N. Nontaso, C. Yuangklang, S. Wora-anu, A. Ngarmsang, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Rowlinson. 2003. Comparative study between swamp buffalo and native cattle in feed digestibility and potential transfer of buffalo rumen digesta into cattle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:504-510. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.504
  40. Wanapat, M., R. Pilajun and P. Kongmun. 2009a. Ruminal ecology of swamp buffalo as influenced by dietary sources. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 151:205-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.01.017
  41. Wanapat, M., S. Polyorach, K. Boonnop, C. Mapato and A. Cherdthong. 2009b. Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livest. Sci. 125: 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.001

Cited by

  1. Changes of rumen pH, fermentation and microbial population as influenced by different ratios of roughage (rice straw) to concentrate in dairy steers vol.152, pp.04, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859613000658
  2. Indigenous Bacteria Community Fluctuation During Fermentation of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Corncob (Zea mays) vol.1108, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012006
  3. Feeding Value of Maize Stover Treated with Urea or Urea Molasses for Hararghe Highland Sheep vol.12, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010084
  4. Effect of pineapple stem starch feeding on rumen microbial fermentation, blood lipid profile, and growth performance of fattening cattle vol.91, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13459
  5. Effect of additive fermented residues from factory on rumen fermentation and microbial population in beef cattle vol.61, pp.13, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1071/an20205