DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Migration and Distribution of Graft-inoculated Jujube Witches'-broom Phytoplasma within a Cantharanthus roseus Plant

  • Lee, Sang-Hun (Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Chul-Eung (Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Cha, Byeong-Jin (Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2012.02.14
  • Accepted : 2012.05.02
  • Published : 2012.06.01

Abstract

Periwinkle seedlings (Cantharanthus roseus) were inoculated with jujube witches'- broom (JWB) phytoplasma via grafting to analyze the migration of JWB phytoplasmas within the host plant. The phytoplasmas were detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was a simple and easy method of detecting phytoplasmas; however, it was not sufficiently sensitive to detect very low phytoplasma concentrations. Therefore, the migration of JWB phytoplasma was investigated through PCR. The first migration of JWB phytoplasma from an infected tissue to healthy tissues occurred late. After grafting, the phytoplasmas moved from the inoculated twig (or scion) to the main stem, which took 28 days. Afterward, the phytoplasma migrated faster and took less than 4 days to spread into the roots from the main stem. All twigs were then successively colonized by the JWB phytoplasmas from the bottom to the top. JWB phytoplasma was detected via nested PCR in all parts of the periwinkle seedling 82 days after inoculation. Based on these results, the inoculated JWB phytoplasma appeared to migrate downward to the roots along the main stem during the early stages, and then continued to move upward, colonizing twigs along the way until they reached the apex.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahrens, U. and Seemüller, E. 1992. Detection of DNA of plant pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms by polymerase chain reaction that amplifies a sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Phytopathology 82:828-832. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-82-828
  2. Cha, B. and Tattar, T. A. 1991. Symptom development of ash yellows and fluctuation of mycoplasma-like organism population in white ash (Fraxinus Americana L.). Arboricultural J. 15:323-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1991.9756436
  3. Christensen, N. M., Nicolaisen, M., Hansen, M. and Schulz, A. 2004. Distribution of phytoplasmas in infected plants as revealed by real-time PCR and bioimaging. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 17:1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1175
  4. Credi, R. 1994. Occurrence of anomalous mycoplasma-like organisms in grapevine yellows-diseased phloem. J. Phytopathol. 142:310-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb04544.x
  5. Douglas, S. M. 1993. Cytology, histology, and histochemistry of MLO infections in tree fruits. In: Handbook of Cytology, Histology, and Histochemistry, ed. by A. R. Biggs, pp. 253-279. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL
  6. Garcia-Chapa, M., Medina, V., Viruel, M. A., Lavina, A. and Batlle, A. 2003. Seasonal detection of pear decline phytoplasma by nested-PCR in different pear cultivars. Plant Pathol. 52:513-520. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00868.x
  7. Jiang, H., Wei, W., Saiki, T., Kawakita, H., Watanabe, K. and Sato, M. 2004. Distribution patterns of mulberry dwarf phytoplasma in reproductive organs, winter buds, and roots of mulberry trees. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:168-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-004-0103-1
  8. Jung, H.-Y., Sawayanagi, T., Kakizawa, S., Nishigawa, H., Wei, W., Oshima, K., Miyata, S., Ugaki, M., Hibi, T. and Namba, S. 2003. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma zizphi', a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with jujube witches'-broom disease, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:1037-1041. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02393-0
  9. Kirkpatrick, B. C. 1992. Mycoplasma-like organisms: Plant and invertebrate pathogens. In: The Prokaryotes. 2nd ed, by A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder and K. H. Schleifer, pp. 4050-4067. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  10. Kuske, C. R. and Kirkpatrick, B. C. 1992. Distribution and multiplication of western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organisms in Catharanthus roseus was determined by DNA hybridization analysis. Phytopathology 82:457-462. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-82-457
  11. Lee, I.-M., Bertaccini, A., Vibio, M. and Gundersen, D. E. 1995. Detection of multiple phytoplasmas in perennial fruit trees with decline symptoms in Italy. Phytopathology 85:72-735. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-85-72
  12. Lherminier, J., Courtois, M. and Caudwell, A. 1994. Determination of the distribution and multiplication sites of flavescence dorée mycoplasma-like organisms in the host plant Vicia faba by ELISA and Immunocytochemistry. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 45:125-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80071-2
  13. McCoy, R. E., Caudwell, A., Chang, C. J., Chen, T. A., Chiykowski, L. N., Cousin, M. T., Dale De Leeuw, G. T. N., Golino, D. A., Hackett, K. J., Kirkpatrick, B. C., Marwitz, R., Petzold, H., Sinha, R. H., Sugiura, M., Whitcomb, R. F., Yang, I. L., Zhu, B. M. and Seemüller, E. 1989. Plant disease associated with mycoplasma-like organisms. In: The Mycoplasmas, vol. 5, ed. by R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, pp. 546-640. Academic Press, New York.
  14. Nakashima, K. and Hayashi, T. 1995. Multiplication and distribution of rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma in infected tissues of rice and green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 61:451-455. https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.61.451
  15. Namba, S., Kato, S., Iwanami, S., Oyaizu, H., Shiozawa, H. and Tsuchizaki, T. 1993. Detection and differentiation of plantpathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms using polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 83:786-791. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-83-786
  16. Parthasarathy, M. V. 1974. Mycoplasmalike organisms associated with lethal yellowing disease of palms. Phytopathology 64:667-674. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-64-667
  17. Saracco, P., Bosco, D., Veratti, F. and Marzachi, C. 2006. Quantification over time of chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (16Sr-I) in leaves and roots of the host plant Chrysanthemum carinatum (Schousboe) following inoculation with its insect vector. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 67:212-219.
  18. Seemüller, E. 1976. Investigations to demonstrate mycoplasmalike organisms in diseased plants by fluorescence microscopy. Acta Horticulture 67:109-112.
  19. Seemüller, E. 1988. Colonization patterns of mycoplasmalike organisms in trees affected by apple proliferation and pear decline. In: Tree mycoplasmas and mycoplasma disease, ed. by C. Hiruki, pp 179-192. The Univ. of Alberta Press, Canada.
  20. Seemüller, E., Schaper, U. and Zimbelmann, F. 1984. Seasonal variation in the colonization patterns of mycoplasmalike organisms associated with apple proliferation and pear decline. Z. Pflanzenkrankh. Pflzenschutz 91:525-532.
  21. Siddique, A. B. M., Guthrie, J. N., Walsh, K. B., White, D. T. and Scott, P. T. 1998. Histopathology and within-plant distribution of the phytoplasma associated with Australian papaya dieback. Plant Dis. 82:1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.10.1112
  22. Wei., W., Kawakita, H. and Sato, M. 2000. Detection of small population mulberry dwarf (MD)-phytoplasmas in symptomless-mulberry trees by nested PCR. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. 69:261-269.
  23. Wei, W., Kakizawa, S., Suzuki, S., Jung, H. Y., Nishigawa, H., Miyata, S., Oshima, K., Ugaki, M., Hibi, T. and Namba, S. 2004. In planta dynamic analysis of onion yellows phytoplasma using localized inoculation by insect transmission. Phytopathology 94:244-250. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.3.244
  24. Yi, J. C., Lim, T. H. and Cha, B. 2001. Changes in phytoplasma densities in witches'-broom infected jujube trees over seasons. Kor. J. Plant Pathol. 17:295-299.

Cited by

  1. Natural occurrence, identification and transmission of the phytoplasma associated with flax phyllody and stem fasciation in Pakistan vol.41, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-013-0299-8
  2. Multiplication and Distribution of Sugarcane White Leaf Phytoplasma Transmitted by the Leafhopper, Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Infected Sugarcane vol.20, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-017-0559-x