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Effects of Optimized Co-treatment Conditions with Ultrasound and Low-temperature Blanching Using the Response Surface Methodology on the Browning and Quality of Fresh-cut Lettuce

반응표면분석법으로 최적화한 초음파와 저온 블랜칭의 병용처리 조건이 신선편이 양상추의 갈변과 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Do-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Su-Min (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Han-Bit (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Moon, Kwang-Deog (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2012.07.23
  • Accepted : 2012.08.17
  • Published : 2012.08.30

Abstract

Enzymatic action and microbial growth degrade the quality of fresh-cut lettuce. Browning, a bad smell, and softening during storage are the major forms of quality deterioration. Health-oriented consumers tend to avoid foods treated with chemicals to maintain their freshness. This study was conducted to evaluate the change in the quality of fresh-cut lettuce with combined low-temperature blanching (LB) and ultrasonication (US). The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables; the ultrasonication time (X1), blanching temperature (X2), blanching time (X3), and dependent variable; ${\Delta}E$ value (y). It was found that the condition with the lowest ${\Delta}E$ value occurred with combined 90s US and $45^{\circ}C$ 90s LB (US+LB). The combined treatment group (US+LB) was stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 9 days with the control group and each single-treatment group, with low-temperature blanching and ultrasonication. Overall, the US+LB group had a significantly high $L^*$ value, which indicates significantly low $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E$, browning index, PPO, and POD activity values, and a low total bacteria count (p < 0.05). The US+LB group also had the highest sensory score (except for aroma and texture; p > 0.05).

신선편이 양상추는 유통 중 갈변과 이취 및 무름현상이 발생되고, 미생물의 증식에 의해 안전성이 위협받는 등 원재료보다 품질 저하현상이 빠르다는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 건강지향적인 시대가 도래함에 따라, 선도 유지를 위한 화학적 처리를 거친 식품은 기피하는 실정이다. 이에 일반적인 블랜칭의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 저온블랜칭과, 다른 기술과 병용처리 시 synergy effect를 기대할 수 있는 초음파를 병용처리함으로써 신선편이 양상추의 품질특성 변화에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 최적 병용처리조건은 예비실험을 토대로 확립하였으며, central composite design에 의한 반응표면분석법을 이용하였다. 즉, 독립변수를 ultrasonication time ($x_1$), blanching temperature ($x_2$) 및 blanching time ($x_3$), 종속변수를 ${\Delta}E$ value (y)로 하여 반응표면분석을 실시한 결과, 90초간 ultrasonication한 후 $45^{\circ}C$에서 90초간 blanching (US+LB)하는 것이 색도 변화가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 최적병용처리구와 각각의 단일처리구 및 무처리구를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 9일간 저장하면서 실험을 실시한 결과, 전반적으로 US+LB 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 $L^*$값이 나타났으며, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E$ value, browning index, PPO 및 POD 활성, 총균수에서 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한, appearance, color, aroma, freshness, texture, overall acceptibility의 6가지 항목으로 관능평가를 실시한 결과, 모든 항목에서 US+LB 처리구가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타나, 이화학적 실험결과와도 일치하는 경향임을 알 수 있었다. 이로써, 초음파와 저온블랜칭의 병용처리는 신선편이 양상추의 품질 유지에 효과적인 방법인 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

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