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Physicochemical Properties of Diverse Rice Species

품종별 쌀의 이화학적 특성

  • Choi, Ok-Ja (Department of Food & Cooking Science, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Doo (Department of Food Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Shim, Jae-Han (Department of Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Noh, Myeong-Hee (Department of Food & Cooking Science, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Shim, Ki-Hoon (Department of Food & Cooking Science, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2012.02.21
  • Accepted : 2012.07.20
  • Published : 2012.08.30

Abstract

Seven rice varieties (Dasan, Keunseon, Goami, Baekjinju, Seolgaeng, Hangangchal and Heukseol) were used to study the physicochemical properties of dry milled (200-mesh) rice flour species. The moisture and crude protein contents of rice were 15.00-15.10% and 6.09-8.21%, respectively. The crude lipid and crude ash of rice were 0.21-1.02% and 0.37-1.62%, respectively. As for the Hunter's color value, the L value was highest in the Dasan flour (96.47); the a value was highest in the Heukseol flour (5.03); and the b value was highest in the Baekjinju flour (3.36). The water aborption index was highest in the Goami flour (1.45), and the water solubility index was highest in the Hangangchal flour (9.16%). The amylose contents of the rice flour species were highest in the Goami (26.42%) rice flour, followed by the Dasan (19.39%), Seolgaeng (19.24%), Keunseon (18.06%), Heukseol (15.52%), Baekjinju (9.16%), and Hangangchal (0.84%) rice flour. In the X-raydiffractin patterns of the diverse species, seven tice varieties showed A-type crystallinity. As for the amylogram properties, the initial pasting temperature was 58.00-$69.03^{\circ}C$. The maximum viscosity was highest in the Dasan flour. The Heukseol flour had the lowest maximum viscosity, breakdown, and setback. In terms of the thermal properties of the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the onset temperature was 59.03-$66.84^{\circ}C$; the peak temperature, 66-70-$72.82^{\circ}C$; and the end temperature, 74.06-$78.66^{\circ}C$. The enthalpy (${\Delta}H$) was lowest in the Heukseol flour (7.59 J/g) and highest in the Seolgaeng flour (11.36J/g).

가공식품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 다수계 2품종(다산, 큰섬), 가공용 2품종(고아미, 설갱), 반찰벼 1품종(백진주), 찰벼 1품종(한강찰), 유색미 1품종(흑설) 등 총 7가지 품종을 건식 제분하여 200 mesh한 쌀가루의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 쌀 곡립의 일반성분 분석에서 수분 함량은 15.00~15.10%, 조단백 함량은 6.09~8.21%, 조지방 함량은 0.21~1.02%, 그리고 조회분 함량은 0.37~1.62%이었다. 품종에 따른 쌀가루의 색도에서 L값은 '다산'이 96.47로 가장 높았고, a값은 '흑설'이 5.03으로 가장 높았으며, b값은 '백진주'가 3.36으로 가장 높았다. 품종에 따른 쌀가루의 수분흡수지수는 '고아미'가 1.45로 가장 높았고, 수분용해지수는 '한강찰'이 9.16%로 가장 높았다. 아밀로오스 함량은 '한강찰' 0.84%, '백진주' 9.16%, '흑설' 15.52%, '큰섬' 18.06%, '설갱' 19.24%, '다산' 19.39% 및 '고아미' 26.42%이었다. 품종에 따른 쌀가루의 X-선 회절도를 측정한 결과, 시료 모두 A 도형의 특징인 3b, 4a, 4b, 6a에서 peak 형태를 보였다. 아밀로펙틴 함량이 높은 '한강찰'과 '백진주'는 peak의 회절강도가 높아 결정성이 높았으며, 아밀로오스 함량이 높은 '고아미'의 경우 peak의 회절강도가 약간 낮았다. 품종에 따른 쌀가루의 아밀로그래프에 의한 호화 양상을 측정한 결과, 호화개시온도는 58.00~$69.93^{\circ}C$이었고, 최고점도는 '다산'이 가장 높았고, '흑설'이 가장 낮았다. 강하점도는 '흑설'이 가장 낮았고, '흑설'을 제외한 백미 품종에서는 '고아미'가 가장 낮았다. 치반점도는 '흑설'이 가장 낮았고, '고아미'가 가장 높았다. DSC에 의한 호화엔탈피 측정 결과, 호화개시온도는 59.03~$66.84^{\circ}C$, 호화정점온도는 66.70~$72.82^{\circ}C$, 호화종료온도는 74.06~$78.66^{\circ}C$이었다. 호화엔탈피는 '흑설'이 7.59 J/g으로 가장 낮았고, '설갱'이 11.36 J/g으로 가장 높았다.

Keywords

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