Anxiety and mood (대한불안의학회지)

Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorders (대한불안의학회)
권호 표지

Suicide Prevention Strategy by Restricting Access to Suicide Methods in Korea

한국에서 자살방법 접근 제한을 통한 자살예방전략

  • Hong, Jin-Pyo (Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Su-Bin (Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Child Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Soon-Ho (Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Jung (Korean Association for Suicide Prevention) ;
  • Park, Jong-Ik (Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ha, Kyoo-Seob (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
  • 홍진표 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 박수빈 (서울대학교 의과대학 서울대학교어린이병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 최순호 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 이수정 (한국자살예방협회) ;
  • 박종익 (강원대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 하규섭 (서울대학교 의과대학 분당서울대학교병원 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2012.02.24
  • Accepted : 2012.04.03
  • Published : 2012.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Introduction : Suicide in Korea has increased to 31.2 persons per 100,000 population, the world's highest level. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the world, but in Korea, it is 4th leading cause of death. Therefore suicide is a serious problem in Korea. Many suicide prevention strategies have been proposed. Despite efforts to prevent suicides in Korea, a steady increases in the number of suicides has been brought into question the effectiveness of suicide prevention activities in Korea. Methods : Strategy of restricting suicide methods in many countries was reviewed. Systematic approach to restrict suicidal methods in Korea is proposed. Results : Restricting suicide methods is one of the effective suicide prevention strategies employed in the UK and other countries. Since many suicides occur impulsively, suicide attempt lethality is an important factor in determining the rate of deaths in suicidal attempts. Physical restriction of suicide methods is important in preventing suicide, but restriction of cognitive access to information about suicide and suicide method is more important in preventing suicide. In particular hanging is one of the most common methods of suicides in Korea, it is crucial to develop strategies to prevent suicide by hanging cognitively. Also information about suicide should be properly controlled. To do this, suicide news reporting guidelines should be observed, and website makers whose websites provoke thoughts about suicide should be more strictly sanctioned. Conclusion : Restricting suicide methods along with other suicide prevention plans may be the most effective way to prevent suicide in Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. Suicide huge but preventable public health problem. Geneva: World Health Organization;2004.
  2. 홍진표, 남윤영, 함봉진, 안주연, 용효중, 정희, 김수정, 오정민. 지역사회에 적합한 자살예방 체계 구축. 보건복지부;2008.
  3. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies:a systematic review. JAMA 2005;294: 2064-2074. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.16.2064
  4. Department of Health.National suicide prevention strategy for England. London: Department of Health;2002.
  5. Williams JMG, Wells J. Suicidal patients. In: Scott G, Williams JMG, Beck AT, editors Cognitive therapy in clinical practice:An illustrative casebook. London: Routledge;1991. p.206-226.
  6. Diesenhammer EA, Ing CM, Strauss R, Kemmler G, Hinterhuber H, Weiss EM. The duration of the suicidal process: how much time is left for intervention between consideration and accomplishment of a suicide attempt? J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:19-24. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.07m03904
  7. Williams JMG, Crane C, Barnhofer T, Duggan D. Psychology and suicidal behavior: elaborating the entrapment model. In: HawtonK, editor, Prevention and treatment of suicidal behavior: From science to practice.Oxford: Oxford University Press;2005. p.239-260.
  8. Spice RS, Miller TR. Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:1885-1891. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.12.1885
  9. Williams JMG. Suicide and attempted suicide. London: Penguin; 2001.
  10. Joiner T. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge: Harvard University Press;2005.
  11. Farmer R, Rohde J. Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality: an analysis of some international data. ActaPsychiatricaScandinavica 1980;62:436-445.
  12. Clarke RVG, Lester D. Suicide: Closing the exits. New York: Springer Verlag;1980.
  13. Hawton K, Fagg J, SimkinS, Bale E, Bond A. Trends in deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1985-1995. Implications for clinical services and the prevention of suicide. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:556-560. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.6.556
  14. Brent DA. Firearms and suicide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2001;932:225-240.
  15. Crane C, Hawton K, Simkin S, Coulter P. Suicide and the media: pitfalls and prevention. Report on a meeting organized by the Reuters Foundation Program at Green College and University of Oxford Centre for Suicide Research at Green College, Oxford, UK, November 18, 2003. Crisis 2005;26:42-47.
  16. Lee DTS, Chan KPM, Lee S. Burning charcoal: a novel and contagious method of suicide in Asia. Arch of Gen Psychiatry 2002;59: 293-294. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.3.293
  17. Clarke RVG, Lester D. Suicide: Closing the exits. New York: Springer Verlag;1989.
  18. Ohberg A, Lonnqvist J, Sarna S, Vuori E, Penttila A. Trends and availability of suicide methods in Finland: proposals for restrictive measures. Br J Psychiatry 1995;166:35-43. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.1.35
  19. Kendell RE. Catalytic converters and prevention of suicides. Lancet 1998;352:1525.
  20. Ajdacic-Gross V, Killias M, Hepp U, Gadola E, Bopp M, Lauber C, et al. Changing times: a longitudinal analysis of international firearm suicide data. Am J Public Health 2006;96:1752-1755. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.075812
  21. Gunnell D, Middleton N, Frankel S. Method availability and the prevention of suicide--a reanalysis of secular trends in England and Wales 1950-1975. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2000;35:437-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050261
  22. Berman AL, O'Carroll PW, Silverman MM. Case consultation: community suicide prevention: the effectiveness of bridge barriers. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1994;24:89-99.
  23. Gunnell D, Eddleston M. Suicide by intentional ingestion of pesticides: a continuing tragedy in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:902-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg307
  24. Mohamed F, Manuweera G, Gunnell D, Azher S, Eddleston M, Dawson A, et al. Pattern of pesticide storage before pesticide self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2009;9:405-410. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-405
  25. Gunnell D, Eddleston M. Suicide by intentional ingestion of pesticides: a continuing tragedy in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:902-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg307
  26. Bowles JR. Suicide in Western Samoa: an example of a suicide prevention program in a developing country. In R. F. W. Diekstra (Ed), Preventative strategies of suicide. Leiden: EJ. Brill;1995 .p.173-206.
  27. Wilkinson S, Taylor, G, Templeton L, Mistral W, Salter E, Bennett P. Admissions to hospital for deliberate self-harm inEngland 1995-2000: an analysis of hospital episode statistics. Journal of Public Health and Medicine 2002;24:179-183. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/24.3.179
  28. Turvill JL, Burroughs AK, Moore KP. Change in occurrence of paracetamol overdose in UK after introduction of blister packs. Lancet 2000:355:2048-2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02355-2
  29. Holmes EA, Crane C, Fennell MJV, Williams JMG. Imagery about suicide in depression--"'flash-forwards"? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2007;38:423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.004
  30. Marzuk PM, Tardiff K, Leon AC. Increase in fatal self-poisoning and suffocations in the year Final Exit was published: a national study. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1813-1814. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.12.1813
  31. Gunnell D, Bennewith O, Hawton K, Simkin S, Kapur N. Theepidemiology and prevention of suicide by hanging: a systematicreview. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:433-442. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh398
  32. Phillips DP. The influence of suggestion on suicide: Substantive and theoretical implications of the Werther Effect. Am Soc Rev 1974;39:340-354. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094294
  33. Stack S. Media Coverage as a risk factor in suicide. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:238-240. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.4.238
  34. Cheng ATA, Hawton K, Chen THH, Yen AMF, Chang J, Chong M, et al. The influence of media reporting of a celebrity suicide on suicidal behavior in patients with a history of depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2007;103:69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.021
  35. Littmann SK.The role of the press in the control of suicide epidemics. Proceedings of the International Association for Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention;1983. p.166-170.
  36. Motto JA. Newspaper influence on suicide. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1970;23:143-148. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750020047006
  37. Hawton K, Williams K. Media influences on suicidal behavior. In: Hawton K, editor. Prevention and treatment of suicidal behavior: From science to practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press;2005. p.293-306.
  38. Tatum PT, Canetto SS, Slater MD. Suicide coverage in U.S. newspapers following the publication of the media guidelines.Suicide Life Threat Behav 2010;40:524-534. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2010.40.5.524
  39. Lee WJ, Cha ES, Park ES, Kong KA, Yi JH, Son M. Deaths from pesticide poisoning in South Korea: trends over 10 years. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009;82:365-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0343-z
  40. Lee KM, Chung MHA Survey on the pesticide use and perceptions about the hazards of pesticides among the farmers in Kyoungju area, Korea. Korean J Environ Health Soc 2000;26:70-79
  41. Gunnell D, Bennewith O, Hawton K, Simkin S, Kapur N. The epidemiology and prevention of suicide by hanging: a systematic review, Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:433-442. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh398
  42. Bennewith O, Gunnell D, Kapur N, Turnball P, Simkin S, Sutton L, et al. Suicide by hanging: multicentre study based on coroners' records in England. Br J Psychiatry 2005;186:260-261. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.3.260
  43. Biddle L, Donovan J, Owen-Smith A, Potokar J, Longson D, Hawton K, et al. Factors influencing the decision to use hanging as a method of suicide: qualitative study. Br J Psychiatry 2010;197:320-325. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076349
  44. Fu KW, Yip PS. Estimating the risk for suicide following the suicide deaths of 3 Asian entertainment celebrities: a meta-analytic approach. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:869-878. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04240
  45. 배준성, 허태균. 자살보도에 대한 지각과 인식: 사회학습효과의 검증. 한국심리학회:사회문제 2010;16:179-195.
  46. 기자협회보, 제대로 된 자살 보도가 생명 구한다 2008년 11월 19일.
  47. 김연종. 자살보도 권고기준과 한국 신문의 자살보도 행태 분석. 한국언론학보 2005;49:140-166.
  48. 조미은. 자살보도지침 권고안 시행 전후의 국내자살보도 연구[석사학위]. 서울: 서울대학교;2007.
  49. 미디어 오늘, 가급적 자살기사는 빼거나 축소 보도해야. 2009년 5월 11일.