Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

대한소아청소년과학회 (The Korean Pediatric Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Excess of leptin inhibits hypothalamic KiSS-1 expression in pubertal mice

  • Ahn, Sung-Yeon (Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yang, Sei-Won (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Jae (Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Byun, Jong-Seon (Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Om, Ji-Yeon (Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Choong-Ho (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2011.09.20
  • 심사 : 2012.05.09
  • 발행 : 2012.09.15
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Purpose: Leptin has been considered a link between metabolic state and reproductive activity. Defective reproductive function can occur in leptin-deficient and leptin-excessive conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of centrally injected leptin on the hypothalamic KiSS-1 system in relation to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action in the initial stage of puberty. Methods: Leptin (1 ${\mu}g$) was injected directly into the ventricle of pubertal female mice. The resultant gene expressions of hypothalamic GnRH and KiSS-1 and pituitary LH, 2 and 4 hours after injection, were compared with those of saline-injected control mice. The changes in the gene expressions after blocking the GnRH action were also analyzed. Results: The basal expression levels of KiSS-1, GnRH, and LH were significantly higher in the pubertal mice than in the prepubertal mice. The 1-${\mu}g$ leptin dose significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of KiSS-1, GnRH, and LH in the pubertal mice. A GnRH antagonist significantly increased the KiSS-1 and GnRH mRNA expression levels, and the additional leptin injection decreased the gene expression levels compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: The excess leptin might have suppressed the central reproductive axis in the pubertal mice by inhibiting the KiSS-1 expression, and this mechanism is independent of the GnRH-LH-estradiol feedback loop.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994;372:425-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/372425a0
  2. Parent AS, Teilmann G, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Bourguignon JP. The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endocr Rev 2003;24:668-93. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2002-0019
  3. Cunningham MJ, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Leptin's actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms. Biol Reprod 1999;60: 216-22. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod60.2.216
  4. Chen H, Charlat O, Tartaglia LA, Woolf EA, Weng X, Ellis SJ, et al. Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 1996;84:491-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81294-5
  5. Yu WH, Kimura M, Walczewska A, Karanth S, McCann SM. Role of leptin in hypothalamic-pituitary function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997;94:1023-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.3.1023
  6. Yu WH, Kimura M, Walczewska A, Karanth S, McCann SM. Role of leptin in hypothalamic-pituitary function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997;94:1023-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.3.1023
  7. Yura S, Ogawa Y, Sagawa N, Masuzaki H, Itoh H, Ebihara K, et al. Accelerated puberty and late-onset hypothalamic hypogonadism in female transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin. J Clin Invest 2000;105:749-55. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI8353
  8. Agarwal SK, Vogel K, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA. Leptin antagonizes the insulin-like growth factor-I augmentation of steroidogenesis in granulosa and theca cells of the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1072-6. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.3.1072
  9. Zachow RJ, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA. Leptin impairs the synergistic stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta of follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent aromatase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat ovarian granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 1999;61:1104-9. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod61.4.1104
  10. Burcelin R, Thorens B, Glauser M, Gaillard RC, Pralong FP. Gonadotropin- releasing hormone secretion from hypothalamic neurons: stimulation by insulin and potentiation by leptin. Endocrinology 2003; 144:4484-91. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0457
  11. Finn PD, Cunningham MJ, Pau KY, Spies HG, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. The stimulatory effect of leptin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis of the monkey. Endocrinology 1998;139:4652-62. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.139.11.4652
  12. Hakansson ML, Brown H, Ghilardi N, Skoda RC, Meister B. Leptin receptor immunoreactivity in chemically defined target neurons of the hypothalamus. J Neurosci 1998;18:559-72.
  13. Kotani M, Detheux M, Vandenbogaerde A, Communi D, Vanderwinden JM, Le Poul E, et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J Biol Chem 2001;276:34631-6. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M104847200
  14. Ohtaki T, Shintani Y, Honda S, Matsumoto H, Hori A, Kanehashi K, et al. Metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes peptide ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature 2001;411:613-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/35079135
  15. Navarro VM, Castellano JM, Fernández-Fernandez R, Barreiro ML, Roa J, Sanchez-Criado JE, et al. Developmental and hormonally regulated messenger ribonucleic acid expression of KiSS-1 and its putative receptor, GPR54, in rat hypothalamus and potent luteinizing hormone-releasing activity of KiSS-1 peptide. Endocrinology 2004;145:4565-74. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0413
  16. Irwig MS, Fraley GS, Smith JT, Acohido BV, Popa SM, Cunningham MJ, et al. Kisspeptin activation of gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons and regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the male rat. Neuroendocrinology 2004;80:264-72. https://doi.org/10.1159/000083140
  17. Laursen SE, Belknap JK. Intracerebroventricular injections in mice. Some methodological refinements. J Pharmacol Methods 1986;16:355-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-5402(86)90038-0
  18. Meirow D, Assad G, Dor J, Rabinovici J. The GnRH antagonist cetrorelix reduces cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular destruction in mice. Hum Reprod 2004;19:1294-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh257
  19. Paxinos G, Franklin KB. The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Compact 3rd ed. Boston: Elsevier Academic Press, 2008.
  20. Dardeno TA, Chou SH, Moon HS, Chamberland JP, Fiorenza CG, Mantzoros CS. Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010;31:377-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.002
  21. Santoro N, Lasley B, McConnell D, Allsworth J, Crawford S, Gold EB, et al. Body size and ethnicity are associated with menstrual cycle alterations in women in the early menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN) Daily Hormone Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2622-31. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031578
  22. Tortoriello DV, McMinn J, Chua SC. Dietary-induced obesity and hypothalamic infertility in female DBA/2J mice. Endocrinology 2004;145:1238-47. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1406
  23. Quennell JH, Howell CS, Roa J, Augustine RA, Grattan DR, Anderson GM. Leptin deficiency and diet-induced obesity reduce hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in mice. Endocrinology 2011;152:1541-50. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1100
  24. Cravo RM, Margatho LO, Osborne-Lawrence S, Donato J Jr, Atkin S, Bookout AL, et al. Characterization of Kiss1 neurons using transgenic mouse models. Neuroscience 2011;173:37-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.022
  25. Hwa JJ, Ghibaudi L, Compton D, Fawzi AB, Strader CD. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin increases thermogenesis and mobilizes fat metabolism in ob/ob mice. Horm Metab Res 1996;28:659-63. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-979873
  26. Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Fernandez-Fernandez R, Roa J, Vigo E, Pineda R, et al. Expression of hypothalamic KiSS-1 system and rescue of defective gonadotropic responses by kisspeptin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Diabetes 2006;55:2602-10. https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1584
  27. Smith JT, Acohido BV, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. KiSS-1 neurones are direct targets for leptin in the ob/ob mouse. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:298-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01417.x
  28. Smith JT, Cunningham MJ, Rissman EF, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse. Endocrinology 2005;146:3686-92. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0488
  29. Smith JT, Popa SM, Clifton DK, Hoffman GE, Steiner RA. Kiss1 neurons in the forebrain as central processors for generating the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. J Neurosci 2006;26:6687-94. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1618-06.2006
  30. Dorling AA, Todman MG, Korach KS, Herbison AE. Critical role for estrogen receptor alpha in negative feedback regulation of gonadotropinreleasing hormone mRNA expression in the female mouse. Neuroendocrinology 2003;78:204-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073703
  31. Woller MJ, Meyer S, Ada-Nguema A, Waechter-Brulla D. Dissecting autocrine effects on pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cultured rat hypothalamic tissue. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004; 229:56-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020422900107

피인용 문헌

  1. The Loss of Adipokine Genes in the Chicken Genome and Implications for Insulin Metabolism vol.31, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu208
  2. Recent scenario of obesity and male fertility vol.2, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.270
  3. Leptin and its potential interest in assisted reproduction cycles vol.22, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv057