Differential Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Expressions in the Small Intestine of Echinostoma hortense Infected BALB/c Mice

  • Jo, Yoon-Kyung (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS), Dongnam Health College) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Sup (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science (BLS), Hyejeon College) ;
  • Kim, Sung-In (BLS, College of Natural Science, Gimcheon University) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Sook (CLS, Wonkwang Health Science University) ;
  • Oh, Ji-Eun (BLS, School of Public Health, Far East University) ;
  • Sung, Ho-Joong (BLS, College of Health Science, Eulji University)
  • Received : 2012.08.01
  • Accepted : 2012.08.20
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

Infections involving Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense) are considered to more severe than infections caused by other heterophyids. Although parasite expulsion by host immune responses attenuates the symptoms of infection, the detailed mechanisms of the host immune response need to be determined, especially in local immune responses involving cytokine and immunoglobulin expressions. We infected BALB/c mice with E. hortense and examined recovery rates together with expressions of multiple cytokines and immunoglobulins in the villi and crypts of the small intestine using immunohistochemistry. We observed a close correlation between worm expulsion rates and cytokine/immunoglobulin expressions in E. hortense infected mice. This study contributes to an understanding of the relationship between the immune response and parasite expulsion in hosts.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn YK, Ryang YS. [Experimental and epidemiological studies on the life cycle of Echinostoma hortense Asada, 1926 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1986. 24: 121-136.
  2. Akao N, Ohyama T, Kondo K. Immunoblot analysis of serum IgG, IgA and IgE responses against larval excretory-secretory antigens of Anisakis simplex in patients with gastric anisakiasis. J Helminthol. 1990. 64: 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00012359
  3. Bueno EC, Vaz AJ, Machado LD, Livramento JA. Neuro-cysticercosis: detection of IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and saliva samples by ELISA with Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps antigens. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000. 58: 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2000000100003
  4. Chai JY, Darwin Murrell K, Lymbery AJ. Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues. Int J Parasitol. 2005. 35: 1233-1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.013
  5. Chai JY, Hong ST, Lee SH, Lee GC, Min YI. A case of echinostomiasis with ulcerative lesions in the duodenum. Korean J Parasitol. 1994. 32: 201-204. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1994.32.3.201
  6. Chai JY, Lee SH. Intestinal trematodes of humans in Korea: Metagonimus, heterophyids and echinostomes. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1990. 28: 103-122.
  7. Cho CM, Tak WY, Kweon YO, Kim SK, Choi YH, Kong HH, Chung DI. A human case of Echinostoma hortense (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection diagnosed by gastroduodenal endoscopy in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2003. 41: 117-120. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.117
  8. Ishikawa N, Horii Y, Nawa Y. Immune-mediated alteration of the terminal sugars of goblet cell mucins in the small intestine of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats. Immunology. 1993. 78: 303-307.
  9. Kim I, Im JA, Lee KJ, Ryang YS. Mucosal mast cell responses in the small intestine ats infected with Echinostoma hortense. Korean J Parasitol. 2000. 38: 139-143. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.139
  10. Kopf M, Le Gros G, Coyle AJ, Kosco-Vilbois M, Brombacher F. Immune responses of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 deficient mice. Immunol Rev. 1995. 148: 45-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00093.x
  11. Lee KJ, Park SK, Im JA, Kim SK, Kim GH, Kim GY, Yang EJ, Ryang YS. Susceptibility of several strains of mice to Echinostoma hortense infection. Korean J Parasitol. 2004. 42: 51-56. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.51
  12. Miller HR. Mucosal mast cells and the allergic response against nematode parasites. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1996. 54: 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05696-6
  13. Miller HR, Jarrett WF. Immune reactions in mucous membranes. I. Intestinal mast cell response during helminth expulsion in the rat. Immunology. 1971. 20: 277-288.
  14. Owen RL, Jones AL. Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer's patches: an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles. Gastroenterology. 1974. 66: 189-203.
  15. Ryang YS, Im JA, Kim IS, Kim KH. Mucosal Mast Cell Responses in the Small Intestine of C3H/HeN and BALB/c Mice Infected with Echinostoma hortense. J Biomed Lab Sci. 2003. 9: 145-150.
  16. Ryang YS, Yang EJ, Kim JL, Lee KJ, Sung HJ, Kim JB, Kim IS. Immune response and inhibitory effect of ketotifen on the BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. Parasitol Res. 2007. 101: 1103-1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0591-y
  17. Saito S, Hamada A, Watanabe N, Obata T, Katakura K, Ohtomo H. Eosinophil chemotactic activity in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Parasitol Res. 1996. 82: 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050150
  18. Seo BS, Hong ST, Chai JY, Lee SH. Studies On Intestinal Trematodes In Korea: VIII. A Human Case Of Echinostoma Hortense Infection. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. 1983. 21: 219-223.
  19. Shakoory B, Fitzgerald SM, Lee SA, Chi DS, Krishnaswamy G. The role of human mast cell-derived cytokines in eosinophil biology. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2004. 24: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1089/107999004323065057
  20. Togawa M, Kiniwa M, Nagai H. The roles of IL-4, IL-5 and mast cells in the accumulation of eosinophils during allergic cutaneous late phase reaction in mice. Life Sci. 2001. 69: 699-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01165-1
  21. Urban JF, Jr., Katona IM, Paul WE, Finkelman FD. Interleukin 4 is important in protective immunity to a gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991. 88: 5513-5517. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.13.5513
  22. Winsor GL, Waterhouse CC, MacLellan RL, Stadnyk AW. Interleukin-4 and IFN-gamma differentially stimulate macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and eotaxin production by intestinal epithelial cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2000. 20: 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1089/107999000312432
  23. Youssef MM, Mansour NS, Awadalla HN, Hammouda NA, Khalifa R, Boulos LM. Heterophyid parasites of man from Idku, Maryut and Manzala lakes areas in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1987. 17: 475-479.
  24. Yu LC, Perdue MH. Role of mast cells in intestinal mucosal function: studies in models of hypersensitivity and stress. Immunol Rev. 2001. 179: 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.790107.x