Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Studies on the Applications of PSL, TL and ESR Methods for The Detection of Irradiated Foods not Allowed to be Irradiated in Korea

광자극발광법, 열발광법 및 전자스핀공명법을 이용한 국내 방사선 조사 허용 외 식품에 대한 검지법 적용 연구

  • Kim, Kyu-Heon (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Jin (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Chang, Ho-Won (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Busan Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Shin, Choon-Shik (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Moon-Young (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Hwang, Cho-Rong (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Jeong (Food Import Division, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Jo, Tae-Yong (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Park, Geon-Sang (Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kang, Myung-Hee (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jae-I (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Busan Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Sook (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Park, Sue-Nie (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Seong, Rack-Seon (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Busan Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Jang, Young-Mi (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Hae-Sung (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration) ;
  • Han, Sang-Bae (Scientific Food Investigation Team, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration)
  • 김규헌 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀) ;
  • 최은진 (서울지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 장호원 (부산지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 신춘식 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 김문영 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀) ;
  • 황초롱 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀) ;
  • 김은정 (식품의약품안전청 수입식품과) ;
  • 조태용 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀) ;
  • 박건상 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 미생물과) ;
  • 강명희 (서울지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 김재이 (부산지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 김진숙 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 박순희 (서울지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 성락선 (부산지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 장영미 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 윤혜성 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀) ;
  • 한상배 (식품의약품안전청 식품의약품안전평가원 식품감시과학팀)
  • Received : 2012.05.08
  • Accepted : 2012.06.19
  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the applicability of the photostimulated luminescence(PSL), thermoluminescence(TL) and electron spin resonance(ESR) methods for various foods which are not allowed to be irradiated in Korea. All 15 foods including sesame, almond, peanut, cocoa powder etc. were analyzed. Samples were irradiated at 1~10 kGy using a $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray irradiator. In PSL study, the photon counts of all the unirradiated samples showed negative(lower than 700). The photon counts irradiated(1 kGy) dried shrimp, roasted peanut and seasoned peanut showed positive(higher than 5,000) and the other samples were negative or intermediate(> 700 and < 5,000). In TL analysis, results showed that it is possible to apply TL method to all foods containing minerals. In ESR measurements, the ESR signal(single-line) intensity of irradiated foods was higher than non-irradiated foods. In particular, the specific ESR signals of irradiation-induced crystalline sugar, cellulose and bone radical were detected in dried plum, raisin, dried cherry, mango(dried, frozen), rambutan, cocoa(powder), cinnamon, parsley, carrot, broccoli, dried arrow squid, dried pollack and dried shrimp. According to the results, PSL, TL and ESR methods were successfully applied to detect the irradiated foods because TL method is not able to detect the irradiated foods rarely composed of minerals. ESR is also a difficult method to detect the changes of ESR signal patterns of food. It is concluded that TL analysis or ESR assay is suitable for detection of irradiated samples and a combined method is recommendable for enhancing the reliability of detection results.

본 연구는 2008년부터 2010년까지 국내 수입물량이 많은 품목 중 국외에서는 허용되었지만, 국내 허용되지 않은 식품군에서 일부 견과류, 과실류, 기호식품, 유지종자류, 건어물류, 채소류, 향신식품 등 15 품목을 선정하여 PSL, TL 및 ESR을 이용하여 실태조사와 검지법별 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. PSL 측정 결과는 건새우, 볶음땅콩, 조미땅콩에서는 적용 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단되었으나 나머지 품목에서는 적용 가능성이 낮다고 판단하였다. TL 시험법의 경우 대부분의 조사시료는 $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 비조사 시료는 $300^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 강한 glow curve peak가 나타남으로써 비조사구와 조사구간의 확인이 가능하였으나 조미땅콩, 건자두, 건체리, 망고(냉동)에서 시료에 미네랄이 없거나 양이 적어 적용 가능성 낮았다. 또한, 동일 식품군이라도 가공 과정이나 미네랄 함량 등 개별 시료의 차이에 의하여 TL glow curve의 intensity가 낮게 나타나 TL 시험법 적용이 가능한 경우도 있고 불가능한 경우도 있는 것으로 확인되었다. ESR 분석 결과는 건포도, 건체리, 망고(건, 냉동), 람부탄(냉동) 및 코코아(파우더/16.1%, 20%, 30%, 40%)에서 결정형 당 유래의 라디칼에 의한 다성분 ESR signal이 관찰되었다. 건자두, 계피가루, 파슬리, 당근 및 브로콜리에서 셀룰로오스 유래의 라디칼에 의한 특이 ESR signal이 관찰되었다. 건한치, 황태채 및 건새우에서 하이드록시아파타이트 유래 라디칼에 의한 특이 ESR signal이 관찰되었다. 하지만, 대부분의 시료에서 조사 전후 모두 single line의 비특이적인 signal이 관찰되어 대조군이 없는 경우에는 방사선 조사 여부 확인시험법으로서 적용가능성이 낮다고 판단되었다. 방사선 조사 허용 외 식품을 대상으로 방사선 조사여부를 분석한 결과, 대상식품 모두에서 방사선이 조사되지 않은 것으로 확인되었으며, 대부분의 품목에서 TL과 ESR 검지법이 PSL 검지법 보다 적용 가능성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 TL은 미네랄 함량이 적은 시료를 제외한 대부분 시료에서 검지법별 적용 확대가 가능하였으나 ESR은 식품유형과 함량에 따라 결과에 차이가 있어 검지법별 적용 가능성 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 생각하였다.

Keywords

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