DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Story on Teachers' Workload

교사의 업무 부담을 둘러싼 이야기

  • Received : 2013.11.07
  • Accepted : 2013.12.19
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' workload and its sources from teachers' perspective. Toward the purpose, interviews with and essays written by teachers were analyzed to interpret the meaning of teachers' workload and examine the relationship between their workload and social forces. The results indicated that teachers' workload could be fully understood when amount, intensity and nature of teachers' work were considered together. Among them the nature of work centered on non-educational affairs was perceived most serious problem by the teachers. However, most of the teachers felt helpless at their situation largely made by socio-structural factors including neoliberalism, bureaucracy and authoritarianism. Such a submissive reaction of teachers interacted with the forces to contribute to sustain their predicament.

Keywords

References

  1. Barringer, B. R. Jones, F. F. & Neubaum, D. O. (2005). A quantitative content analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their founders, Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 663-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.03.004
  2. Butt, G. & Lance, A.(2005). Secondary Teacher Workload and Job Satisfaction Do Successful Strategies for Change Exist?, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 33(4), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143205056304
  3. Carley, K.(1993). Coding choices for textual analysis: A comparison of content analysis and map analysis, Sociological Methodology, 23, 75-126. https://doi.org/10.2307/271007
  4. Codd, J.(2005). Teachers as 'managed professionals' in the global education industry: the New Zealand experience, Educational review, 57(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191042000308369
  5. Day, C.(2002). School reform and transitions in teacher professionalism and identity. International Journal of Educational Research, 37(8), 677-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(03)00065-X
  6. Doopedia(2013). Doosan Encyclopedia, Doosan.
  7. Dworkin, A. G. Saha, L. J. & Hill, A. N. (2003). Teacher burnout and perceptions of a democratic school environment, International Education Journal, 4(2), 108-120.
  8. Easthope, C. & Easthope, G.(2010). Intensification, Extension and Complexity of Teachers' Workload, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21(1), 43-58.
  9. Forman, J. & Damschroder, L.(2008). Qualitative Content Analysis. In Jacoby, L. & Siminoff, L. A. (2008). Empirical Methods for Bioethics: A Primer, CA: Elsevier Ltd.
  10. Gitlin, A. & Margonis, F.(1995). The political aspect of reform: Teacher resistance as good sense, American Journal of Education, 377-405.
  11. Han, Y. Park, S. Seo, K. & Jeon, J.(2008). Analysing the Work of Classroom Teachers, The Journal of Yeolin Education, 16(3), 183-206.
  12. Harvie, D.(2006). Value production and struggle in the classroom: Teachers within, against and beyond capital, Capital & Class, 30(1), 1-32.
  13. Hodkinson, P.(1997). Neo-fordism and teacher professionalism, Teacher Development, 1(1), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664539700200011
  14. Hursh, D. & Martina, C. A.(2003). Neoliberalism and schooling in the US: How state and federal government education policies perpetuate inequality, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 1(2), 1-13.
  15. Ingvarson, L. Kleinhenz, E. Beavis, A. Barwick, H., Carthy, I. & Wilkinson, J.(2005). Secondary teacher workload study: Report. ACER.
  16. Johnstone, M.(1993). Time and Tasks: Teacher Workload and Stress. Spotlights 44.
  17. Kim, E. Yoo, S. & Kim, M.(2009). Teacher Workload Study: Comparison between Teaching and Non-teaching Workload in Korea, The Journal of Educational Administration, 27(4), 87-108.
  18. Kim, J. W.(2004). Education reform policies and classroom teaching in South Korea, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 14(2), 125-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620210400200122
  19. Kim, O.(2006). The study on the reconceptualization of teacher's profession, The Journal of Educational Administration, 24(4), 139-159.
  20. Kim, S. Chun, S. & Ulziisaikhan, G.(2011). An Analysis of the Work Time of Secondary School Teacher for the NEIS Academic Affairs, The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 28(3), 127-152.
  21. Ko, Y. B.(2000). Sociology Dictionary. Research Center for Society and Culture.
  22. Koo, S. M.(2001). (A) Study of the Heavy Load of the Routine Work of the Teachers in the Elementary and Secondary Schools, Master's Thesis, Ewha Women's University.
  23. Korean Society for Educational Evaluation (2004). Dictionary for Educational Evaluation Terminology.
  24. Kukmin Ibo(2008. 11. 11). Homeroom teacher and work.
  25. Kwon, H. W.(2010). A Study on How to Establish Job Standards for Elementary School Teachers, The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 27(3), 191-214.
  26. Kyriacou, C. & Chien, P.(2004). Teacher stress in Taiwanese primary schools, The Journal of Educational Enquiry, 5(2), 86-104.
  27. Lai, M. & Lo, L. N.(2007). Teacher professionalism in educational reform: The experiences of Hong Kong and Shanghai, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 37(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920601061786
  28. Lee, J. & Lee, I.(2010). An Analysis of the Structural Relationship Among Teachers' Work Load, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Teachers' Professionalism and Schools' Educational Outcomes, The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 27(2), 25-52.
  29. Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G.(1985). Naturalistic inquiry, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  30. Locke, T. Vulliamy, G. Webb, R. & Hill, M. (2005). Being a 'professional' primary school teacher at the beginning of the 21st century: A comparative analysis of primary teacher professionalism in New Zealand and England, Journal of Educational Policy, 20(5), 555-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500221784
  31. O'Brien, P. & Down, B.(2009). What are teachers saying about new managerialism?, The Journal of Educational Enquiry, 3(1), 111-133.
  32. Oh, J.(2006). The Identity of Teaching as a Profession: From Marketization to Publicity, Andragogy Today, 9(4), 129-161.
  33. Ozga, J. & Lawn, M.(1988). Schoolwork: interpreting the labour process of teaching, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 9(3), 323-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569880090305
  34. Park, J.(2005). (A) Study on the outlook of middle school teachers on essential and nonessential duties. Master's Thesis, Pusan National University,
  35. Park, N. & Kim, S.(2006). Elementary School Grade Head Teacher's Wokrload, The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 23(2), 5-35.
  36. Rowan, B.(1994). Comparing Teachers' Work With Work in Other Occupations: Notes on the Professional Status of Teaching, Educational Researcher, 23(6), 4-17.
  37. Sachs, J.(2001). Teacher professional identity: competing discourses, competing outcomes, Journal of Education Policy, 16(2), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930116819
  38. Schembari, P.(1994). Teacher workload in elementary and secondary schools, Education Quarterly Review, 1(3), 11.
  39. Schneider, B. Wheeler, J. K. & Cox, J. F.(1992). A Passion for Service: Using Content Analysis to Explicate Service Climate Themes, Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.705
  40. Shacklock, G.(1998). Professionalism and intensification in teaching: A case study of 'care' in teachers' work, Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 26(3), 177-189.
  41. Smith, M. & Bourke, S.(1992). Teacher stress: Examining a model based on context, workload, and satisfaction, Teaching and Teacher Education, 8(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(92)90038-5
  42. Seoul National University Education Research Institute (1995). Dictionary for Educational Terminology, Seoul National University.
  43. Son, J.(2010). A Critical Discourse Analysis on the Discourse of Teacher Professionalism of Lee Myung-Bak government, The Journal of Politics Education, 17(4), 91-119.
  44. Timperley, H. & Viviane, R.(2000). Workload and the professional culture of teachers, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 28(1), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X000281005
  45. Whitty, G.(2006). Teacher professionalism in a new era. General Teaching Council for Northern Ireland Annual Lecture.
  46. Wotherspoon, T.(2008). Teachers' work intensification and educational contradictions in Aboriginal communities, Canadian Review of Sociology, 45(4), 389-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.2008.00021.x
  47. Yang, J. H.(2012). A Longitudinal Analysis of Middle School Teachers' Administrative Burden on Academic Achievement, The Journal of Educational Administration, 30(1), 627-651.

Cited by

  1. The Gap of the Practice and the Needs for Improving Underachievers' Study Habits vol.26, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2014.26.4.877
  2. The Effect of Awareness towards Inclusive Education of Preliminary Elementary School Teachers on the Intention to Implement Instructional Adaptations for Students with Disabilities vol.26, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2014.26.5.991