Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Coastal Eutrophication caused by Effluent from Aquaculture Ponds in Jeju

제주연안 육상양식장 밀집지역 주변해역의 영양염 과잉 요인

  • Koh, Hyuk-Joon (Subtropical Fisheries Research Center, Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI) ;
  • Park, Sung-Eun (Subtropical Fisheries Research Center, Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI) ;
  • Cha, Hyung-Kee (Subtropical Fisheries Research Center, Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI) ;
  • Chang, Dae-Soo (Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI) ;
  • Koo, Jun-Ho (Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI)
  • 고혁준 (국립수산과학원 남서해수산연구소 아열대수산연구센터) ;
  • 박성은 (국립수산과학원 남서해수산연구소 아열대수산연구센터) ;
  • 차형기 (국립수산과학원 남서해수산연구소 아열대수산연구센터) ;
  • 장대수 (국립수산과학원 남서해수산연구소) ;
  • 구준호 (국립수산과학원 남서해수산연구소)
  • Received : 2013.04.24
  • Accepted : 2013.08.28
  • Published : 2013.08.31
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Abstract

This study investigated the temporal-spatial distribution and variations in water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, SPM, DIN, DIP, silicate, TN, TP, and chlorophyll-a) in the coastal area of Jeju, Korea, adjacent to aquaculture ponds (Aewol-ri, Haengwon-ri, Pyosun-ri, and Ilkwa-ri). Data were collected bimonthly from February 2010 to December 2011. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major factors controlling variations in water quality during the sampling period. Aquaculture effluent water led to large changes in nutrient levels. The highest nutrient values were observed during the investigation period. The relatively large increase in organic matter at the sampling stations coupled with sea area runoff events during the summer rainy period. Variation in chlorophyll-a concentration was mainly driven by meteorological factors such as air temperature and rainfall in the coastal areas of Aewol and Haengwon. In the coastal areas of Pyosun and Ilkwa, pollution was caused by anthropogenic factors such as discharge of aquaculture effluent water. High nutrient concentrations at the majority of the coastal stations indicate eutrophication of coastal waters, especially within a distance of 300 m and depth of 10m from drainage channels. Coastal eutrophication driven by aquaculture effluent may be harmful inshore. Events such as eutrophication may potentially influence water pollution in aquaculture ponds when seawater intake is detected because of aquaculture effluent water.

제주연안선 부근에 밀집된 육상양식장 배출구 주변 4개 해역(애월리, 행원리, 표선리, 일과리)에서 수질환경의 시공간적 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 2010년 2월부터 2011년 12월까지 격월로 총 12회 조사하였다. 주성분 분석 결과 조사해역에서 연중 영양염의 분포는 염분과의 관련성 없이 배출구로부터 공급되는 물질에 의해 영양염의 농도가 조절되어, 연안에서 외해역으로 갈수록 농도구배가 감소하는 특징을 나타냈다. 특히 용존무기질소의 경우는 배출구와 인접한 해역에서는 부영양상태로 인에 비해 질소가 과잉되고 있었다. 유기물의 분포는 담수유입량이 증가하는 고수온기에 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 변화는 애월 및 행원해역은 담수유입과 관련된 기상요인(기온 및 강우), 표선 및 일과는 영양염의 인위적 공급요인(양식장 배출수)에 의한 영향을 주로 받는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 배출구로부터 직선거리 약 300 m 및 수심 10 m이내 해역의 표 저층에서는 고영양염 농도 분포가 지속되고 있어, 부영양화 과정에서 발생하는 문제를 직 간접적으로 받을 수 있는 가능성을 나타냈다. 육상양식장의 운영 시 취수지점이 배출수의 영향을 받는 지점에 위치할 경우 사육수질의 문제가 발생할 수 있다.

Keywords

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