DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Acute and Residual Toxicity of Insecticides Registered on Strawberry against Honeybee (Apis mellifera)

딸기에 등록된 살충제의 꿀벌에 대한 급성 및 엽상잔류독성

  • Ahn, Ki-Su (Garlic Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Yoon, Changmann (Dept. Plant Medicine, Coll. of Agri. Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Hyun (Garlic Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Nam, Sang-Young (Garlic Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Oh, Man-Gyun (Dept. Plant Medicine, Coll. of Agri. Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Gil-Hah (Dept. Plant Medicine, Coll. of Agri. Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2013.05.28
  • Accepted : 2013.07.11
  • Published : 2013.09.30

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the spray toxicity and leaf residual toxicity of 52 kinds of insecticides registered for strawberry against adult honeybee Apis mellifera. According to the IOBC standard, the acute toxicity by spraying showed below 30% was classified as non-toxic. Among tested insecticides, 32 insecticides (flonicamid, lufenuron, novaluron, three kinds of acetamiprid, thiacloprid, milbemectin, acequinocyl, TBI-1, two kinds of chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, cyenopyrafen, cyfumetofen, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, metaflumizone, two kinds of methoxyfenozide, DBB-2032, pyridalyl, spiromesifen, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, acetamiprid + methoxyfenozide, acrinathrin + spiromesifen, bifenazate + spiromesifen, cyenopyrafen + flufenoxuron) did not show any toxic effect, it is thought to be safe. And the others (20 insecticides) showed higher toxicity to honeybee. Insecticides which showed acute toxicity higher than 90% was selected and tested the residual toxicity. All insecticides except emamectin benzoate EC, and indoxacarb SC showed 100% mortality at one day after treatment (DAT). However, the toxicities of emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb SC, and abamectin did not show until 3, 7, 14 DAT, respectively. Nine insecticides such as indoxacarb WP, thiamethoxam WG, abamectin + chlorantraniliprole SC, acetamiprid + etofenprox WP, acetamiprid + indoxacarb WP, bifenthrin + clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, bifenazate + pyridaben SC, chlorfenapyr + clothianidin SC showed over 90% residual toxicity until 31 Day. In pouring treatment, thiamethoxam WG showed 76.9% mortality at 28 DAT and 50.0% mortality at 31 DAT. After 35 days, thiamethoxam WG showed no effect to honeybee. Bifenthrin + clothianidin SC and tefluthrin + thiamethoxam GR showed 57.1 and 80.0% mortality at 24 DAT, respectively. In spraying treatment, thiamethoxam WG and bifenthrin+clothianidin SC showed very high residual toxicity with 100% mortality in thirty-five DAT. After spraying treatment with thiamethoxam WG, bifenthrin+clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, thiamethoxam WG showed 100% residual toxicity until 21 DAT and there was no activity after 28 DAT. Bifenthrin+clothianidin SC and bifenthrin+imidacloprid WP showed very high residual toxicity until 49 DAT.

딸기에 등록된 52종 살충제의 꿀벌 성충에 대한 분무독성검정, 엽상잔류독성 평가를 수행하였다. 분무 급성독성검정은 국제 생물적 방제기구 (IOBC)의 기준에 따라 30% 이하의 독성을 해 없음으로 분류한 결과, 딸기에 등록된 32종(flonicamid, lufenuron, novaluron, acetamiprid 3종, thiacloprid, milbemectin, acequinocyl, TBI-1, chlorfenapyr 2종, chlorfluazuron, cyenopyrafen, cyfumetofen, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, metaflumizone, methoxyfenozide 2종, DBB-2032, pyridalyl, spiromesifen, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, acetamiprid + methoxyfenozide, acrinathrin + spiromesifen, bifenazate + spiromesifen, Cyenopyrafen + flufenoxuron)이 독성이 낮아 꿀벌에 안전하고, 20종이 독성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분무독성검정에서 90% 이상의 높은 독성을 보인 약제를 대상으로 엽상잔류독성을 검정하였다. 약제처리 1일후에 emamectin benzoate EC, indoxacarb SC를 제외한 모든 약제에서 100%의 사충율을 보였다. Emamectin benzoate는 약제처리 3일, idoxacarb SC는 약제처리 7일, abamectin는 약제처리 14일에 독성을 보이지 않았다. Indoxacarb WP, thiamethoxam WG, abamectin + chlorantraniliprole SC, acetamiprid + etofenprox WP, acetamiprid + indoxacarb WP, bifenthrin + clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, bifenazate + pyridaben SC, chlorfenapyr + clothianidin SC는 31일까지 90%이상의 높은 독성을 보여 잔류독성이 매우 긴 것으로 나타났다. 관주처리에서 thiamethoxam WG은 약제처리 28일이 지난 후에 76.9% 독성을 보인 후 31일에 50.0% 독성을 보였고, 그 이후는 독성이 없었다. Bifenthrin + clothianidin SC과 tefluthrin + thiamethoxam GR은 약제처리 24일에 각각 57.1%와 80.0%의 독성을 보였지만 그 이후에는 독성이 없었다. 분무처리에서 thiamethoxam WG와 bifenthrin + clothianidin SC는 약제처리 35일까지 100%의 살충효과를 보여 매우 높은 잔류독성을 보였다. Thiamethoxam WG, bifenthrin + clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP를 약제처리 후 7일간격으로 물을 분무 살포하고 잔류독성을 평가한 결과, thiamethoxam WG는 처리 21일까지는 100%의 잔류독성을 보였으나 28일 이후는 독성이 없었다. Bifenthrin + clothianidin SC와 bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP는 약제처리 49일까지 100%의 사충율을 보여 매우 높은 잔류독성을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abrol, D. P. and R. S. Andotra (2001) Field toxicity of pesticides to honeybee, Apis mellifera L., foragers. Korean J. Apiculture 16:19-26.
  2. Ahn, K. S., M. G. Oh, H. G. Ahn, C. Yoon and G. H. Kim (2008) Evaluation of toxicity of pesticides against honeybee (Apis mellifera) and bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 12:382-390.
  3. Cho, K. W., H. J. Park, C. H. Bae, Y. S. Kim, D. C. Shin, S. Y. Lee, S. H. Lee, C. K. Jung, Y. K. Park, B. S. Kim and K. S. Lee (2010) Residual toxicity of bifenthrin and imidacloprid to honeybee by foliage treatment. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 14: 226-234.
  4. Choi, S. Y., Y. S. Kim, M. R. Lee, H. W. Oh and B. K. Jeong (1989) Studies on the acute and chronic toxicities of pesticides to the honeybees, Apis mellifera. Korean J. Apiculture 4:85-89.
  5. Gulati, R., B. Kumari and S. K. Sharma (2004) Field residual toxicity of some insecticides to honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and residues of common insecticides from apiary honey. Korean J. Apiculture 19:51-56.
  6. Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, J. T. Ambrose and R. M. Roe (2004) Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Crop Protection 23:371-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2003.08.018
  7. KCPA (2012) User's manual of pesticides. Korea Crop Protection Association.
  8. Kim, B. S., Y. K. Park, Y. H. Lee, M. H. Jeong, A. S. You, Y. J. Yang, J. B. Kim, O. K. Kwon and Y. J. Ahn (2008) Honeybee acute and residual toxicity of pesticides registered for strawberry. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 12:229-235.
  9. Kim, B. S., Y. J. Yang, Y. K. Park, M. H. Jeong, A. S. You, K. H. Park and Y. J. Ahn (2009) Risk assessment of fipronil on honeybee (Apis mellifera). Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 13:39-44.
  10. SAS Institute (1990) SAS/STAT User's guide, version 6; SAS Institute: Cary, NC
  11. Shim, J. H. and Y. H. Kim (2001) Effect of insecticides on the activity of esterases in the honey bees (Apis cerana F. and A. mellifera L.). Korean J. Apiculture 16:9-18.
  12. Shim, Y. G. (1998) Influence of honeybees (Apis mellifera) on ripening and induction of pollination activity. Doctoral Thesis for Kyungpook National University.

Cited by

  1. Insecticidal Activity of Japanese Pine Sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) and Toxicity Test of Honeybee (Apis mellifera) using 5 Kinds of Neonicotinoids vol.21, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2017.21.1.33
  2. Efficacy of Acaricides and Insecticides to T. kanzawai and A. egomae vol.48, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2014.48.5.1
  3. Risks and Safety Intervals for Honeybee on the Mixtures of Pesticides for Orchard Area vol.22, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2018.22.1.8
  4. Inspection of the Fragmentation Pathway for Thiamethoxam vol.8, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5478/msl.2017.8.3.65