Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Removal of Algae by Natural Coagulants of Soil Origin

천연 무기응집제를 이용한 조류 제거

  • Kim, Seog-Ku (Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Kwan (Kumoh National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Kang, Sungwon (Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Ahn, Jaehwan (Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Kim, Il-Ho (Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Yun, SangLeen (Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Lee, Sanghyup (Korea Institute of Science and Technology.Graduate School of Convergence Green Technology & Policy, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Wontae (Kumoh National Institute of Technology)
  • 김석구 (한국건설기술연구원) ;
  • 김동관 (금오공과대학교 토목환경공학부) ;
  • 강성원 (한국건설기술연구원) ;
  • 안재환 (한국건설기술연구원) ;
  • 김일호 (한국건설기술연구원) ;
  • 윤상린 (한국건설기술연구원) ;
  • 이상협 (한국과학기술연구원 물자원순환연구단.고려대학교 그린스쿨대학원) ;
  • 이원태 (금오공과대학교 토목환경공학부)
  • Received : 2013.11.17
  • Accepted : 2013.11.21
  • Published : 2013.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Coagulation and sedimentation tests were conducted with clay and three different coagulants of soil origin (AC-A, AC-B, AC-C) to determine optimal coagulant types and doses to remove algae in stagnant water bodies such as reservoirs. Raw water had an algal density of 2,950 cells/mL and was dominated by Cyanobacteria. Removal rates of algal density by clay (50 mg/L) were 49% and 85% after 10 and 30 minutes sedimentation, respectively. Other natural coagulants achieved 80-90% removal in 10 minutes and 89-94% removal in 30 minutes of sedimentation after adding 20 mg/L each. AC-A was the optimal coagulant from this study considering algal removal rates and other water quality parameters such as turbidity and pH. For the same removal rates of algae, raw waters with higher algal densities required higher coagulant doses although no strong corelation was observed. The coagulants of soil origin did not impact orgnic contents and pH of raw water, but remove phosphate up to 70%.

조류 발생이 문제시 되는 정체수역이나 호소에서 현장적용에 적합한 응집제를 선정하고 응집제별 적정 주입농도를 찾기 위하여 황토와 개량된 토양기반 무기응집제 세 가지(AC-A, AC-B, AC-C)를 주입하며 응집 침전실험을 실시하였다. 남조류가 주종이고 조류밀도가 2,950 cells/mL인 원수에 대한 황토(50 mg/L 주입)에 의한 조류밀도 제거율은 10분 침전후 49%, 30분 침전후 85%로 나타났고, 다른 세 가지 무기응집제(20 mg/L 주입)의 경우 10분 침전 후 80-90% 제거율, 30분 침전 후에는 89-94%의 조류 제거율을 나타냈다. 조류 제거와 탁도, pH 등의 수질인자 특성을 종합적으로 고려할 때 본 연구에서 고려된 천연 무기응집제 중 AC-A가 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 원수의 조류밀도가 높을수록 같은 제거효율을 얻기 위한 응집제 주입량이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나 선형적인 상관관계는 찾을 수 없었다. 황토를 비롯한 천연 무기응집제는 원수의 유기물 제거 및 pH 변화에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 인산염의 경우 주입량을 늘임에 따라 제거율이 높아져 최대 70%까지 제거되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. National Institute of Environmental Research, Watershed Ecology Research Team, "Long-term roadmap for algae related R&D," (2012).
  2. Watanabe, M., K-I. and Harada, H. H., "Waterblooms-its appearance and toxins," Uni. of Tokyo Press (1984).
  3. Okino, T., "Studies on the blooming of Microcystis aeruginosa," Jap. J. Bot., 20, 381-402(1973).
  4. Song, J. J. "Removal of red/green tide and diatoms by titania photocatalyst," Master's Thesis, Sunmoon University (2008).
  5. National Institute of Environmental Research, "Enforcement plan for algae forecast system," (2008).
  6. Wnorowski, A. U., "Tastes and ordors in the aquatic environment- a review," Water SA, 18(3), 203-214(1992).
  7. Haddix, P. L., Hughley, C. J. and Lechevallier M. W., "Occurrence of microcystins in 33 US water supplies," J. AWWA, 99(9), 118-125(2007).
  8. Plummer, J. D. and Edzwald, J. K., "Effect of ozone on disinfection by-product formation of algae," Water Sci. Technol., 37(2), 49-55(1998).
  9. Shirota, A., "Red tide problem and countermeasures," Int. J. Aquac. Fish. Technol., 1, 195-223(1989).
  10. Choi, H. G., Kim, P. J., Lee, W. C., Yun, S. J., Kim, H. G. and Lee, H. J., "Removal efficiency of cochlodinium polykrikoides by yellow loess," J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 31(1), 109-113(1998).
  11. Sengco, M. R. and Anderson, D. M, "Controlling harmful algal blooms through clay flocculation." J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 51(2), 169-172(2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00541.x
  12. Huang, W., Wang, S., Zhu, Z., Li, L., Yao, X., Rudolph, V. and Haghseresht, F., "Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud," J. Hazard. Mater., 158(1), 35-42(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.061
  13. Yim, S., Kim, J. and Song, H., "Removal characteristics of Cd and Pb by adsorption on red mud," J. Kor. Geo-Environ. Soc., 12(7), 39-47(2011).
  14. Ministry of Environment, "Guideline for Installation and Operation of Alage Removal Facilities and Equipments," (2012).
  15. Ministry of Environment, "Korean Standard Methods for Water Quality," (2011).
  16. Stace, E. B., Mario, R. S. and Donald, M. A., "Using clay to control harmful algal blooms: deposition and resuspension of clay/algal flocs," Harmful Algae, 4, 123-138(2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.008
  17. Letterman, R. D., Amirtharajah, A. and O'Melia, C. R., "Coagulation and flocculation," Water Quality and Treatment, McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 6.1-6.66(1999).
  18. Jackson, G. A. and Lochmann, S., "Modeling coagulation of algae in marine ecosystems." In: Buffle, J., Leeuwen, H. P. (Eds.), Environmental Particles. Environmental, Analytical, and Physical Chemistry. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp. 387-414(1993).

Cited by

  1. Removal of Freshwater Microalgae by Flocculation-Enhanced Electro-flotation Using Stainless Steel Mesh Electrode pp.2191-4281, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2712-y