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Theoretical Investigation of Metal Artifact Reduction Based on Sinogram Normalization in Computed Tomography

컴퓨터 단층영상에서 사이노그램 정규화를 이용한 금속 영상왜곡 저감 방법의 이론적 고찰

  • Jeon, Hosang (Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Youn, Hanbean (School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Nam, Jiho (Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ho Kyung (School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 전호상 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 윤한빈 (부산대학교 기계공학부) ;
  • 남지호 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 김호경 (부산대학교 기계공학부)
  • Received : 2013.12.12
  • Accepted : 2013.12.17
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

Image quality of computed tomography (CT) is very vulnerable to metal artifacts. Recently, the thickness and background normalization techniques have been introduced. Since they provide flat sinograms, it is easy to determine metal traces and a simple linear interpolation would be enough to describe the missing data in sinograms. In this study, we have developed a theory describing two normalization methods and compared two methods with respect to various sizes and numbers of metal inserts by using simple numerical simulations. The developed theory showed that the background normalization provide flatter sinograms than the thickness normalization, which was validated with the simulation results. Numerical simulation results with respect to various sizes and numbers of metal inserts showed that the background normalization was better than the thickness normalization for metal artifact corrections. Although the residual artifacts still existed, we have showed that the background normalization without the segmentation procedure was better than the thickness normalization for metal artifact corrections. Since the background normalization without the segmentation procedure is simple and it does not require any users' intervention, it can be readily installed in conventional CT systems.

금속 인공물을 포함한 인체 단층영상의 경우 금속 영상왜곡으로 인한 화질의 저하가 매우 심각하다. 금속 영상왜곡 저감을 위한 많은 방법 중 사이노그램 정규화를 통해 평탄한 사이노그램을 제공하여 금속 궤적을 쉽게 찾고, 단순 선형 보간으로 금속물을 대체하는 두께 및 배경 정규화 방법이 최근 소개되었다. 본 연구에서는 두 방법의 이론적 배경을 개발하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통해 금속 인공 물질의 크기 및 개수에 따른 두 방법의 보정 결과를 비교하였다. 개발한 이론에 의하면 배경 정규화 방법이 두께 정규화 방법에 비해 피검사체 배경 구성 물질의 개수 및 종류에 상관없이 거의 평탄한 사이노그램을 제공하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통해 이를 증명하였다. 금속 인공 물질의 다양한 크기 및 개수에 대한 두 방법의 보정 결과 역시 배경 정규화 방법이 두께 정규화 방법에 비해 훨씬 나은 보정 결과를 보여 주었다. 배경 정규화 방법은 영상분할 과정을 요구하는데 본 연구에서는 이 과정을 생략하더라도 비록 영상왜곡 잔상이 미약하게 나타나긴 하지만, 두께 정규화 방법에 비해 훨씬 나은 보정 결과를 제공함을 확인하였다. 영상분할 과정을 생략한 배경 정규화 방법은 매우 간단하며 단순 선형 보간으로도 금속 궤적에 의해 손실된 데이터의 기술이 충분하고, 또한 사용자의 개입이 없는 알고리즘화가 가능하기 때문에 기존 컴퓨터단층영상 시스템에 쉽게 탑재되어 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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