DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Liquid Crystal Modes for Display Applications

디스플레이 응용을 위한 액정 모드

  • Kim, Jung-Wook (Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yoon, Tae-Hoon (Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2013.07.15
  • Accepted : 2013.08.08
  • Published : 2013.08.25

Abstract

An information display device is a key component in the information society. A liquid crystal display is the most widely used among information display devices. However, its performance still needs to be improved in order to survive in competition with other information display devices. In this paper, we explain the structure and the operation principle of a liquid crystal display device and introduce our recent research activities on liquid crystal mode technology.

정보디스플레이 기술은 디지털 정보화 사회를 혁신적으로 변화시킨 원동력이다. 액정 디스플레이는 가장 대표적인 평판 디스플레이로서 저소비전력, 경량, 박형 등의 장점을 앞세워 소형에서부터 대형에 이르기까지 다양한 응용분야에 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 더욱 고성능의 디스플레이를 구현하기 위해 끊임없이 연구가 지속되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 액정 디스플레이의 구조 및 구동원리에 대해 설명하고, 액정 모드 기술에 대해 본 연구실에서의 연구를 중심으로 소개하고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. P. Yeh and C. Gu, Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2010).
  2. D.-K. Yang and S.-T Wu, Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices (Wiley, 2006).
  3. C.-J. Yu and S.-D. Lee, "Fundamentals of liquid crystal and liquid crystal optics," Korean J. Opt. Photon. (Hankook Kwanghak Hoeji) 24, 159-167 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3807/KJOP.2013.24.4.159
  4. K.-H. Kim and T.-H. Yoon, "Reflective and transflective liquid crystal devices," Progress in Liquid Crystal Science and Technology, H.-S. Kwok, ed. (World Scientific, 2013), Chapter 27.
  5. S. H. Lee, H. W. Do, G.-D. Lee, T.-H. Yoon, and J. C. Kim, "Electrooptic characteristics of new configuration for reflective in-plane switching liquid crystal device," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 7361-7365 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.42.7361
  6. K.-H. Park, J. C. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Horizontal switching of half-wave liquid crystal cell for transflective display," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 210-215 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.44.210
  7. E.-Y. Jeon, K.-H. Kim, J.-H. Lee, and T.-H. Yoon, "Single cell-gap transflective liquid crystal device created by controlling the pretilt angle using a liquid crystalline reactive monomer," Opt. Express 19, 25617-25622 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.025617
  8. T.-H. Yoon, K.-H. Park, and J. C. Kim, "Design of transflective liquid crystal display devices," Optical Science and Technology 8(4), 35-45 (2004).
  9. C.-J. Yu, J.-H. Kim, and S.-D. Lee, "Quasi-achromatic and wide viewing properties of a reflective liquid crystal display in in-plane optical geometry," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 5298-5301 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.41.5298
  10. J.-H. Kim and S. H. Lee, "LCD: basic principle and development trend," Optical Science and Technology 7(4), 7-14 (2003).
  11. K.-H. Kim, D. H. Song, H.-J. Jin, and T.-H. Yoon, "Single panel liquid crystal device switchable between reflective and transmissive modes," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44, 295101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/29/295101
  12. C. Z. van Doorn, "Dynamic behavior of twisted nematic liquid-crystal layers in switched fields," J. Appl. Phys. 46, 3738-3745 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.322177
  13. S. S. Kim, "The world's largest (82-in) TFT-LCD," SID. Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 36, 1842-1847 (2005).
  14. J.-I. Baek, K.-H. Kim, J. C. Kim, T.-H. Yoon, H. S. Woo, S. T. Shin, and J. H. Souk, "Fast switching of vertical alignment liquid crystal cells with liquid crystalline polymer networks," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 056507 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.48.056507
  15. J. S. Gwag, K.-S. Bae, Y.-J. Lee, and J.-H. Kim, "Electro-optical characteristics of omnidirectional liquid crystal domain mode using doughnut-shaped slit electrode," J. Appl. Phys. 105, 073107 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3075593
  16. M. Oh-e and K. Kondo, "Electro-optical characteristics and switching behavior of the in-plane switching mode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3895-3897 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115309
  17. S. H. Lee, S. L. Lee, and H. Y. Kim, "Electro-optic characteristics and switching principle of a nematic liquid crystal cell controlled by fringe-field switching," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2881-2883 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122617
  18. R. A. Soref and M. J. Rafuse, "Electrically controlled birefringence of thin nematic films," J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2029-2037 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1661449
  19. H. K. Shin, J. H. Lee, J.-W. Kim, T.-H. Yoon, and J. C. Kim, "Fast polarization switching panel with high brightness and contrast ratio for three-dimensional display," Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 063505 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3548863
  20. H. Kikuchi, M. Yokota, Y. Hisakado, H. Yang, and T. Kajiyama, "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phase," Nature Mater. 1, 64-68 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat712
  21. Y.-H. Kim, S.-T. Kim, C.-S. Park, K.-W. Park, S.-W. Choi, S.-W. Kang, and H.-R. Kim, "A vertical-field-driven polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal mode to obtain a higher transmittance and lower driving voltage," Opt. Express 19, 17427-17438 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.017427
  22. T. Takahashi, H. Furue, M. Shikada, N. Matsuda, T. Miyama, and S. Kobayashi, "Preliminary study of field sequential full color liquid crystal display using polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, L534-L536 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.38.L534
  23. S. H. Lee, K.-H. Park, T.-H. Yoon, and J. C. Kim, "Bistable chiral-splay nematic liquid crystal device using horizontal switching," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4215-4217 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1581368
  24. D. H. Song, K.-H. Kim, J.-W. Kim, J. C. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Dual-mode operation of a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell by switching between dynamic and memory modes," Opt. Lett. 36, 2077-2079 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.36.002077
  25. J. H. Lee, D. H. Song, T. Kim, H. K. Shin, C. G. Jhun, S.-B. Kwon, D.-G. Kim, W. S. Kim, T.-H. Yoon, and J. C. Kim, "Reflective dual mode liquid crystal display with dynamic mode utilizing the transition behavior between the two stable states of its memory mode," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 084101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.50.084101
  26. K. Hanaoka, Liquid Crystal Display and Method of Manufacturing the Same, US Patent 7113241 (2006).
  27. K.-H. Kim, E.-Y. Jeon, B. W. Park, D. H. Song, J.-H. Lee, G. S. Lee, K.-C. Shin, H. S. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Pixel electrode structure for high transmittance in a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display device," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45, 065103 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/45/6/065103
  28. S. B. Park, J.-K. Song, Y. Um, and K.-H. Kim, "Pixeldivision technology for high-quality vertical-alignment LCDs," IEEE Electr. Device. Lett. 31, 987-989 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2010.2052777
  29. J.-H. Lee, H. Jin, J.-W. Kim, K.-H. Kim, B.-W. Park, T.-H. Yoon, H. Kim, K.-C. Shin, and H. S. Kim, "Formation of liquid crystal multi-domains with different threshold voltages by varying the surface anchoring energy," J. Appl. Phys. 112, 054107 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4747909
  30. S.-W. Choi, H. Jin, K.-H. Kim, J.-H. Lee, H. Kim, K.-C. Shin, H. S. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Formation of dual threshold in a vertical alignment liquid crystal device," J. Opt. Soc. Korea 16, 170-173 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2012.16.2.170
  31. S. G. Kim, S. M. Kim, Y. S. Kim, H. K. Lee, S. H. Lee, G.-D. Lee, J.-J. Lyu, and K. H. Kim, "Stabilization of the liquid crystal director in the patterned vertical alignment mode through formation of pretilt angle by reactive mesogen," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 261910 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2752105
  32. Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, C.-J. Yu, S. I. Jo, and J.-H. Kim, "Fabrication of fast switchable patterned vertical alignment mode using modified surface with reactive mesogen," SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 40, 666-668 (2009).
  33. S. H. Lee, H. Y. Kim, I. C. Park, B. G. Rho, J. S. Park, H. S. Park, and C. H. Lee. "Rubbing-free, vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal display controlled by in-plane field," Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2851-2853 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.120153
  34. D. Xu, L. Rao, C.-D. Tu, and S.-T. Wu, "Nematic liquid crystal display with submillisecond grayscale response time," J. Display Technol. 9, 67-70 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/JDT.2012.2232902
  35. S. I. Park, K.-H. Park, J.-H. Lee, J. H. Yoon, B. K. Kim, B.-H. Yu, K.-H. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Dark-state color shift and gray scale inversion in an in-plane switching liquid crystal display device," J. Opt. Soc. Korea 16, 409-413 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2012.16.4.409
  36. D. H. Song, K.-H. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "High-transmittance in-plane switching liquid crystal display device driven by three-level voltages," J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 21, 29-33 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.144
  37. J.-I. Baek, K.-H. Kim, J. C. Kim, T.-H. Yoon, H. S. Woo, S. T. Shin, and J. H. Souk, "Fast in-plane switching of a liquid crystal cell triggered by a vertical electric field," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 104505 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.48.104505
  38. D. H. Song, J.-W. Kim, K.-H. Kim, S. J. Rho, H. Lee, H. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Ultrafast switching of randomly-aligned nematic liquid crystals," Opt. Express 20, 11659-11664 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.011659
  39. B.-H. Yu, D. H. Song, K.-H. Kim, B.-W. Park, S.-W. Choi, S. I. Park, S. G. Kang, J. H. Yoon, B. K. Kim, and T.-H. Yoon, "Formation of polymer networks for fast in-plane switching of liquid crystals at low temperature," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. to be published.
  40. J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, "AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device," SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 44, 32-33 (2013).