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효소처리 가공이 당근(Daucus carota var. sativa)의 항산화 활성 변화에 미치는 영향

Change of Antioxidant Activities in Carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa) with Enzyme Treatment

  • 유진균 (차바이오 에프앤씨 기업부설 연구소) ;
  • 이진희 (차바이오 에프앤씨 기업부설 연구소) ;
  • 조형용 (차바이오 에프앤씨 기업부설 연구소) ;
  • 김정국 (차바이오 에프앤씨 기업부설 연구소)
  • 투고 : 2012.10.17
  • 심사 : 2012.12.04
  • 발행 : 2013.02.28

초록

본 연구는 당근(Daucus carota var. sativa) 가공방법 중 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 기계적 마쇄 공정으로 인하여 파괴되는 영양소의 손실을 최소화하기 위하여 식물 세포벽에 존재하는 불용성 물질인 protopectin을 가수분해하여 수용성 물질인 pectin으로 전환시키는 효소인 protopectinase를 이용하여 세포의 막을 보존하고 세포 안에 존재하는 영양소의 손실의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 당근의 회수율을 측정한 결과 효소처리군과 마쇄 공정 처리군을 비교하였을 때 효소처리군의 회수율은 81%, 잔사율은 19%을 보인 반면, 마쇄처리군은 회수율 56%, 잔사율 44%를 보여 약 20% 정도의 회수율 차이를 보였다. 이는 가공 후 수율 및 폐기량에서 많은 차이를 보일 것으로 판단된다. 당근의 효소 처리군과 마쇄 처리군의 성분 변화를 비교하기 위하여 당근의 주요성분인 ${\beta}$-carotene의 함량 변화를 측정한 결과 protection factor(PF) 각각 $2.2{\pm}0.2$ PF, $1.4{\pm}0.4$ PF의 차이를 보였으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $89{\pm}3.42{\mu}g/g$, $64{\pm}4.16{\mu}g/g$, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $68{\pm}2.73\mu}g/g$, $41{\pm}3.26{\mu}g/g$을 보임으로써 세포막의 보존으로 인한 영양소의 파괴가 기계적 마쇄 처리군에 비하여 덜 발생한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 두 처리군의 항산화력을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH radical 소거능과 hydroxyl radical 소거능, 아질산염 소거능을 측정하였으며 DPPH radical 소거능은 1,000 ppm에서 $87{\pm}0.29%$, $74{\pm}1.56%$로 약 13%의 DPPH radical 소거능을 보였고, hydroxyl radical 소거능 결과 10,000 ppm에서 $44{\pm}0.49%$$32{\pm}0.48%$로 약 12%의 hydroxyl radical 소거능을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능 측정 결과 1,000 ppm에서 $59{\pm}0.53%$$46{\pm}0.62%$로 약 13% 높은 아질산염 소거능을 보였다. 이는 protopectinase 효소 처리로 인한 세포막의 보존이 가공 중 발생되는 영양소의 손실을 줄임과 동시에 당근이 가지고 있는 항산화 물질들을 보존하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this research is to minimize the loss of nutrients in carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa). A protopectinase was used to enzymatically macerated and separate cells without damage. The enzyme modification group's collection rate was 81% (residue rate 19%), while the grinding process group's collection rate was 56% (residue rate 44%)-an over 20% of collection rate difference. Thus we predicted a big difference in transference number after the process and wastage. In comparing ingredient changes in the enzyme modification group versus the grinding process group, the content of ${\beta}$-carotene (the carrot's main ingredient) showed a change in protection factor (PF) ($2.2{\pm}0.2$ PF, $1.4{\pm}0.4$ PF, respectively), total polyphenol content ($89{\pm}3.42{\mu}g/g$, $64{\pm}4.16{\mu}g/g$, respectively), and total flavonoid content ($68{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/g$, $41{\pm}3.26{\mu}g/g$, respectively). Thus we confirmed that nutrient destruction, due to cell membrane preservation, occurred less often in the enzyme modification process than the mechanical grinding process group. We also measured DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and nitrite scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity was $87{\pm}0.29%$ and $74{\pm}1.56%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was $44{\pm}0.49%$ and $32{\pm}0.48%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity was $59{\pm}0.53%$ and $46{\pm}0.62%$ in the enzymatic modification group compared to the mechanical grinding process group, respectively. Our results show that cell membrane preservation, via the protopectinase enzyme process, decreases the loss of nutrients and still preserves inherent antioxidants.

키워드

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