Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

  • Kim, Hyun Young (Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Sin, Seung Mi (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Sanghyun (Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Cho, Kye Man (Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Cho, Eun Ju (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2012.10.26
  • Accepted : 2013.01.10
  • Published : 2013.03.31
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Abstract

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

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References

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