Journal of Acupuncture Research

Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society (대한침구의학회)
권호 표지

Inhibitory Effects of Naegwan-acupuncture($PC_6$) on Acute Reflux Esophagitis Rat

내관혈(內關穴) 자침(刺鍼)이 급성 역류성 식도염 백서(白鼠)에 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Yi Jeong (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibution, Meridian & Acupoint, College of Oriental Medicine, Deagu Haany University) ;
  • Jung, Tae Young (Je-Han Oriental Medical Academy) ;
  • Lim, Seong Chul (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibution, Meridian & Acupoint, College of Oriental Medicine, Deagu Haany University)
  • 최이정 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 침구경혈학교실) ;
  • 정태영 (제한동의학술원) ;
  • 임성철 (대구한의대학교 한의과대학 침구경혈학교실)
  • Received : 2013.03.11
  • Accepted : 2013.03.21
  • Published : 2013.04.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : This study was to evaluate inhibitory effects of Naegwan-acupuncture($PC_6$) on acute RE(reflux esophigitis) rat induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Methods : Twenty seven SD rats were divided three groups (intact normal rat; RE control rat; RE control rat respectively stimulated by Naegwan point($PC_6$)). All rats was fasted for 18 h but free water, we induced RE by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Six hour after the operation, rats were sacrified, collected bloods in the abdominal vein, dissected a esophagus and stomach. The stomach was washed a 1 ml PBS to research gastric volume, pH, acidity and mucin release of gastric juice, esophagus was cut longitudinally and pictured a innter mucosa area to research damages in esophagus. The proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 were analyzed by ELISA kit. Results : 1. Significantly, death rate of $PC_6$ acupuncture rat group was decreased compared to that of RE control group. 2. Gastric Volume, gastric injury and esophageal mucosa demage were decreased significantly, too. 3. Compared with RE, all of the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine analyzed in serum of $PC_6$ were decreased remarkably. Especially, there were significant meanings TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of $PC_6$ were decreased. Conclusion : The results suggest that antiinflammatory and protecting effects of PC6 could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

Keywords

References

  1. DeVault KR, Castell DO. Updated Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005 ; 100 : 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41217.x
  2. Isolauri J, Luostarinen M, Isolauri E et al. Natural course of gastroesophageal reflux disease : 17-22 year follow-up of 60 patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 ; 92 : 37-41.
  3. Korean neurogastroenterology and motility association. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Seoul : Medbook. 2009 : 2.
  4. National College of Oriental Medicine-Internal Medicine of Spleen system. Internal Medicine of Spleen System. Seoul : Koonja publishing company. 2008 : 317.
  5. Ma WT. Plain Questions. Seoul : Seongbosa. 1975 : 260-5.
  6. Liu WS. Six Books of Hejian. Seoul : Seongbosa. 1976 : 403.
  7. Li G. (Treatise) On the Spleen and Stomach. Seoul : College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University. 1976 : 518-9.
  8. Li C. Introduction to Medicine. Seoul : Hanseongsa. 1983 : 455, 465, 497.
  9. Zhang JB. Jingyue's Complete Works. Shanghai : Shanghai Science and Technology Publish Company. 1984 : 377-81.
  10. Long TX. Harmony(Health) Preservation for Generations. Shanghai : Shanghai Science and Technology Publish Company. 1989 : 193-7.
  11. Wang KT. Collection of Standards for Diagnosis and Treatment. Shanghai : Shanghai Science and Technology Publish Company. 1984 : 164-5.
  12. Choi GY, Sun SH, Kim BW et al. Literature Review on Syndrome Differentiation and Herbal Medicine of Reflex Esophagitis; Focusing on Chinese Journals. Korean J Orient Int Med. 2011 ; 32(1) : 75-86.
  13. Rheu KH, Im IH, Kim DH et al. Effect of Acupuncture at PC6(Neiguan) and SP4 (Gongsun) points on Automic Nervous System in Healthy Adults. Korean J Orient Int Med. 2006 ; 27(3) : 703-10.
  14. Cho SH, Kim JY, Yeo EJ, Han YH. A case of erosive reflux esophagitis associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Korean J Orient.Int Med. 2011 ; 32(1) : 257-63.
  15. Yang EJ, Seo JW, Woo YJ et al. Five cases study of Parkinson's disease patients who complain vomiting & anorexia treated with herbal medicine Beewhaeum. Korean J Orient.Int Med. 2011 ; 32 (1) : 152-60.
  16. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Edit committee of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition Vol 2. Seoul : MIP corporation. 2006 : 1902.
  17. Vinay Kumar, Abul K Abbas, Nelson Fausto, Richard Mitchell. Pathology 8th Edition. Seoul : E-PUBLIC. 2009 : 588.
  18. Fernando A Herbella, Marco G Patti. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: From pathohysiology to treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 ; 16 (30) : 3745-9. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i30.3745
  19. Jung HY. Symposium; Endoscopic Diagnosis of Reflux Esophagitis. Korean neurogastroenterology and motility association Spring Symposium. Korean Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2001 ; 12(1) : 309-17.
  20. Zou D, Chen WH, Iwakiri K, Rigda R, Tippett M, Holloway RH. Inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations by electrical acupoint stimulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 ; 289(2) : 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00023.2005
  21. The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Gastroenterology. Gastroenterology. Seoul : Hanwoori. 2001 : 30-32.
  22. Tierney. Current medical diagnosis & treatment. Seoul : Hanwoori. 2000 : 632, 634-5.
  23. Soon Chun Hyang University, College of Medicine, The Institution of Gastroenterology. Gastroenterology. Seoul : Korea Medical Book Publisher. 2000 : 165, 170.
  24. Son JI, Kim JJ, Park MK et al. The Natural History of Asymptomatic Reflux Esophagitis; A retrospective study from periodic health checkup program. Korean Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2004 ; 10(2) : 100-4.
  25. Seong IH, Chae WS. Literature Consideration on Cause․Symptomology․Treatment and Acupoint of Vomiting. The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 1995 ; 12(1) : 79-95.
  26. Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society Teaching meterial editing committee. Acupuncture & Moxibustion the first. Seoul : Jipmoondang. 2008 : 193-4.
  27. Gyeongsan University, College of Oriental Medicine, ChimGoo Academy 2nd Edition. Korean Translation ChimGoo HyulMyung Hae․Chim Goo HyulMyung SeokUi. Seoul : Il Joong Sa. 1997 : 305.
  28. Yang WJ. The complete works of Yang Wei Jie 3-ChimGoo BoJun. Goyang : Daeseonguihaksa. 2007 : 510, 626, 696.
  29. Kim GS. ChimGoo CheeRyo YoGam. Seoul : Uiseongdang. 2008 : 305-18.
  30. Xu S, Hou X, Zha H, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Chen JD. Electroacupuncture accelerates solid gastric emptying and improves dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 ; 51(12) : 2154-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9412-x
  31. Yin J, Chen JD. Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders and Acupuncture. Auton Neurosci, 2010 ; 157 (1-2) : 31-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2010.03.007
  32. Dickman R, Schiff E, Holland A et al. Clinical trial; acupuncture vs. doubling the proton pump inhibitor dose in refractory heartburn. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 ; 26(10) : 1333-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03520.x
  33. Kenyon J. Acupressure Technique: A Self-help Guide. Rochester, VT : Healing Arts Press. 1988 ; 1-220.
  34. Gupta SK, Fitzgerald JF, Kondratyuk T, Hogen Esch H. Cytokine Expression in Normal and Inflamed Esophageal Mucosa: A Study into the Pathogenesis of Allergic Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition. 2006 ; 42(1) : 22-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000188740.38757.d2
  35. Ying-Qiang Zhong, Ying Lin, Zhe Xu. Expression of IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 in the Esophageal Mucosa of Patients with Reflux Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus and Their Relationship with Endoscopic and Histologic Grading. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2011 ; 56(10) : 2865-70 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1696-9
  36. Hamaguchi M, Fujiwara Y, Takashima T et al. Increased Expression of Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Rat Chronic Esophagitis. Digestion. 2003 ; 68(4) : 189-97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075698
  37. Isomoto H, Wang A, Mizuta Y et al. Elevated levels of chemokines in esophageal mucosa of patients with reflux esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar ; 98(3) : 551-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07303.x
  38. Isomoto H, Nishi Y, Kanazawa Y et al. Immune and Inflammatory Responses in GERD and Lansoprazole. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007 ; 41(2) : 84-91. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2007012
  39. Norimasa Yoshida. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007 ; 40(1) : 13-23. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.40.13
  40. Qi Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Xu X, Li S, Zhao J. Influence of SGHWJN particles on mediators of inflammation in esophageal tissues of rat with reflux esophagitis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2011 ; 36(17) : 2418-22.
  41. Hamaguchi M, Fujiwara Y, Takashima T et al. Increased expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in rat chronic esophagitis. Digestion. 2003 ; 68(4) : 189-97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075698
  42. Rieder F, Cheng L, Harnett KM et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease-associated esophagitis induces endogenous cytokine production leading to motor abnormalities. Gastroenterology. 2007 ; 132(1) : 154-65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.009
  43. Rieder F, Biancani P, Harnett K, Yerian L, Falk GW. Inflammatory mediators in gastroesophageal reflux disease : impact on esophageal motility, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010 ; 298(5) : 571-81. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2009
  44. Pawlik M, Pajdo R, Kwiecien S et al. Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing aspirin exhibits a potent esophagoprotection in experimental model of acute reflux esophagitis. Role of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 ; 62(1) : 75-86.