References
- Badger, P. C. 2002. Ethanol from cellulose: a general review. In: Janick, J., Whipkey, A. (Eds.), Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, 17-21.
- Chang, V. S. and M. T. Holtzapple. 2000. Fundamental factors affecting enzymatic reactivity. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 84-86: 5-37. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:5
- Converti, A. and M. D. Borghi. 1998. Inhibition of the fermentation of oak hemicellulose acid hydrolysate by minor sugars. Journal of Biotechnology 64: 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00109-6
- De Bari, I., Viola, E., Barisano, D., Cardinale, M., Nanna, F., Zimbardi, F., Cardinale, G., and G. Braccio. 2002. Ethanol production at flask and pilot scale from concentrated slurries of steamexploded aspen. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41: 1745-1753. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010571f
- Duff, S. J. B. and W. D. Murray. 1996. Bioconversion of forest products industry waste cellulosic to fuel ethanol: A Review. Bioresource Technology 55: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(95)00122-0
- Fan, L. T., Gharpuray, M. M., and Y. H. Lee. 1987. In: Cellulose hydrolysis biotechnology monographs. Springer, Berlin, p. 57.
- Feist, W. C., baker A. J., and H. Tarkow. 1970. Alklai requirements for improving digestibility of hardwoods by rumen micro-organisms. Journal of Animal Science 30: 832-836. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1970.305832x
- Felizon, B., Fernandez-Bolanos, J., Heredia, A., and R. Guillen. 2000. Steam explosion pretreatment of olive cake. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 77: 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0003-y
- Fernandez-Bolanos, J., Felizon, B., Heredia, A., Guillen, R., and A. Jimenez. 1999. Characterization of the lignin obtained by alkaline delignification and of the cellulose residue from steam exploded olive stones. Bioresource Technology 68: 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00134-5
- Hendriks, A. T. W. M. and G. Zeeman. 2009. Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology 100: 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027
- Iyer P. V. and Y. Y. Lee.1999. Product inhibition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose into lactic acid. Biotechnology Letters 21: 371-373. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005435120978
- Jackobsons, J., Hortling, B., Erins, P., and J. Sundquist. 1995. Characterization of alkali soluble fraction of steam exploded birch wood. Holzforschung 49(1): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.1.51
- Jeoh, T. Steam explosion pretreatment of cotton gin waste for fuel ethanol production. Master's thesis, Virginia Tech. University, VA, 1998.
- Jorgensen, H., Kristensen, J. B., and C. Felby. 2007. Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars: Challenges and opportunities. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 1: 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.4
- Kabel, M. A., Bos, G., Zeevalking, J., Voragen, A. G., and H. A. Schols. 2007. Effect of pretreatment severity on xylan solubility and enzymatic breakdown of the remaining cellulose from wheat straw. Bioresource Technology 98: 2034-2042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.006
- Kallavus, U. and Gravitis. J. 1995. A comparative investigation of the ultrastructure of steam exploded wood with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Holzforschung 49(2): 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1995.49.2.182
- Kim, D. Y., Yim, S. C., Lee, P. C., Lee, W. G., Lee, S. Y., and H. N. Chang. 2004. Batch and continuous fermentation of succinic acid from wood hydrolysate by Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 35: 648-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.018
- Lee, W. G., Lee, J. S., Shin, C. S., Park, S. C., Chang, H. N., andY. K. Chang. 1999. Ethanol production using concentrated oak wood hyrolysates and methods to detoxify. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 77-79: 547-559.
- Li, J., Lennholm, H., Henriksson, G., and G. Gellerstedt. 2001. Bio-refinery of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production. II. Fundaments and strategic design of steam explosion. In: Kyritsis S, Beenackers AACM, Helm P, Grassi A, Chiaramonti D, editors. Proceedings of the firs world conference on biomass for energy and industry 1: 767-770.
- Li, J., Henriksson, G., and G. Gellerstedt. 2007. Lignin depolymerization/repolymerization and its critical role for delignification of aspen wood by steam explosion. Bioresource Technology 98: 3061-3068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.018
- Liu, Y. P., Zheng, P., Sun, Z. H., Ni, Y., Dong, J. J., and L. L. Zhu. 2008. Economical succinic acid production from cane molasses by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource Technology 99: 1736-1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.044
- Milne, T. A., Chum, H. L., Agblevor, F. A., and D. K. Johnson. 1992. Standardized analytical methods. Biomass and Bioenergy 2: 341-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(92)90109-4
- Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R. Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M., and M. Ladisch. 2005. Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresource Technology 96: 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.06.025
- Moniruzzaman, M. 1996. Effect of steam explosion on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic saccharification of rice straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 59: 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783570
- Palmqvist. E. and B. Hahn-Hagerdal. 2000. Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. I: Inhibition and detoxification. Bioresource Technology 74: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00160-1
- Ramos, L. P., Breuil, C., Kushner, D. N., and J. N. Saddler. 1992. Steampretreatment conditions for effective enzymatic hydrolysis and recovery yields of Eucalyptus viminalis wood chip. Holzforschung 46: 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1992.46.2.149
- Soderstrom, J., Pilcher, L., Galbe, M., and G. Zacchi. 2003. Two-step pretreatment of softwood by dilute H2SO4 impregnation for ethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy 24: 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00148-4
- Sun, Y. and J. Cheng. 2002. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresource Technology 83: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7
- Take, H., Andou, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kobayashi, F., Kurimoto, Y., and M. Kuwahara. 2006. Production of methane gas from Japanese cedar chips pretreated by various delignification methods. Biochemical Engineering Journal 28: 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2005.08.036
- Tarkow, H. and W. C. Feist. 1969. In: A Mechanism for Improving the Digestibility of Lignocellulosic Materials with Dilute Alkali and Liquid NH3 Advance Chemistry Series 95. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 197-218.
- Taylor, J. D. and E. K. C. Yu. 1995. Continuous Steam Explosion. Chemtech-American Chernical Society 2: 38-41.
- Tengborg, C., Galbe, M., and G. Zacchi. 2001. Reduced inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated softwood. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28: 835-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00342-8
- Zeikus, J. G., Jain, M. K., and P. Elankovan. 1999. Biotechnology of succinic acid production and markets for derived industrial products. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51: 545-552 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051431
- Zheng, P., Dong, J. J., Sun, Z. H., Ni, Y., and L. Fang. 2009. Fermentative production of succinic acid from straw hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource Technology 100: 2425-2429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.043
- Zheng, P., Fang, L., Xu, Y., Dong, J. J., Ni, Y., and Z. H. Sun. 2010. Succinic acid production from corn stover by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource Technology 101: 7889-7894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.016
- Zhu, J. Y. and X. J. Pan. 2010. Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production: technology and energyconsumption evaluation. Bioresource Technology 101: 4992-5002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.007
- Ucar, G. 1990. Pretreatment of poplar by acid and alkali for enzymatic hydrolysis. Wood Science and Technology 24: 171-180.