자원ㆍ환경경제연구 (Environmental and Resource Economics Review)

한국자원경제학회 (Korean Resource Economics Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

한국 가정부문의 직간접 에너지소비: 산업연관분석

Energy requirement of Korean households from 1995 to 2010: An input-output analysis-

  • 투고 : 2013.05.26
  • 심사 : 2013.09.13
  • 발행 : 2013.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

상품 및 서비스 소비구조의 변경을 통해 에너지절약이 실현될 수 있기 때문에 가정부문의 간접 및 총 에너지소비를 추정할 필요가 있다. 가정부문의 직간접 에너지소비를 보다 정확히 추정하기 위해 본 연구는 기업과 소비자(가정부문) 간 석유제품 및 전력의 가격을 차별화하였다. 한국의 가정부문은 1995-2010년 기간 중 한국 1차 에너지소비 중 55% 이상을 소비하였다. 가정부문의 에너지소비 중 69% 이상이 간접 에너지소비였다. 따라서 가정부문의 직접뿐만 아니라 간접 에너지소비도 에너지절약의 대상이 되어야 한다. 전력 소비는 2009년 한국의 가정부문의 주 에너지소비가 되었다. 생활수준이 향상됨으로써 가정부문은 전력 원단위가 높은 상품과 서비스를 소비하게 되었다. 한국 가정부문이 소비하는 제품의 에너지 원단위가 낮아짐으로써, 에너지소비의 증가율이 감소하게 되었다. 반면에 한국 가정부문의 상품 및 서비스 소비구조는 에너지 다소비형으로 변경되어 오히려 에너지소비 증가를 가속시키는 결과를 초래함으로써, 구조효과는 악화되었다. 이에 따라 에너지정책은 에너지소비를 감소시키기 위해 소비자로 하여금 에너지 저소비형 재화와 용역을 소비하도록 유도하여야 한다. 에너지 저소비형 소비를 촉진시킬 수 있는 주요 수단인 에너지가격 현실화가 요구된다.

As energy conservation can be realized through changes in the composition of goods and services consumed, there is a need to assess indirect and total household energy consumption. The Korean household sector was responsible for more than 55% of Korea's total energy consumption in the 1995 to 2010 period. More than 69% of household energy consumption was indirect. Thus, not only direct but also indirect household energy consumption should be the target of energy conservation. Electricity consumption became in 2009 the main source of household energy consumption in Korea. Households consume more and more electricity intensive goods and services, a sign of increasing living standards. Decrease in energy intensities of products consumed by Korean households contributed greatly to reduce the increase in the total household energy consumption. However, switching took place towards more energy intensive products, thus the structure effect was negative. It is necessary to direct consumption and production towards much less energy intensive goods and services as to reduce energy consumption or its growth rate. The Korean government should readjust low energy and electricity prices to cost-reflective prices levels as these low prices are one of the main reasons for the consumption of more energy intensive products. This study differentiates prices of oil products and electricity between households and industries, as to allow more accurate estimation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ang, B. W., Decomposition Methodology in Industrial Energy Demand Analysis. Energy 20(11), 1995, pp. 1081-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(95)00068-R
  2. Bank of Korea (BOK). Input-output Tables. Various issues in CD-Rom, Seoul.
  3. Boustead, I. and G. F. Hancock, Handbook of Industrial Energy Analysis. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK, 1979.
  4. Bullard, C. W. and R. A. Herendeen, The energy costs of goods and services: an input-output analysis for the USA, 1963 and 1967. Energy Policy 3, 1975, pp. 268-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(75)90035-X
  5. Bush, M. J., The energy intensities of commodities produced in Canada.Energy6, 1981, pp. 503-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(81)90055-4
  6. Denton, R. V., The energy costs of goods and services in the Federal Republic of Germany, Energy Policy 3(4), 1975, pp. 279-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(75)90036-1
  7. Farla, J., K. Blok, and E. Worrell, Monitoring of Sectoral Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Netherlands, 1980-1994, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 1997a.
  8. Farla, J., K. Blok, and E. Worrell, Energy Efficiency Developments in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Energy Policy 25(7-9), 1997b, pp. 745-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00065-7
  9. Hassett, K. and G. Metcalf, Energy conservation investments: do consumers discount the future correctly? Energy Policy 21(6), 1993, pp. 710-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90294-P
  10. IFIAS, IFIAS Workshop Report 'Energy analysis and Economics'. Resources and Energy 1, 1978, pp. 151-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(78)90004-X
  11. International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy Balances of OECD Countries (2012 Edition), in CD-ROM. Paris, France, 2012.
  12. Lenzen, M., Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption: an input-output analysis. Energy Policy 26(6), 1998, pp. 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00012-3
  13. Miller, R. E. and P. D. Blair, Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Eaglewood Cliffs, Printice-Hall, NJ, USA, 1985.
  14. Ospelt, C., I. Knoepfel, and D. Spreng, Direkter und indirekter Energieverbrauch der Haushalte. Bulletin SEV/VSE 7, June, 1996.
  15. Pachauri, S. and D. Spreng, Direct and indirect energy consumptions of households in India. EnergyPolicy30, 2002, pp. 511-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00119-7
  16. Park, H.-C. and E. Heo, The direct and indirect household energy consumptions in the Republic of Korea from 1980 to 2000: An input-output analysis. Energy Policy 35, 2007, pp. 2839-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.002
  17. Peet, N. J., Input-output methods of energy analysis. International Journal of Global Energy Issues. Special Issue on Energy Analysis 5(1), 1993, pp. 10-18.
  18. Peet, N. J., A. J. Carter, and J. T. Baines, Energy in the New Zealand household, 1974-1980. Energy 10(11), 1985, pp. 1197-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(85)90036-2
  19. Pick, H. J. and P. E. Becker, Direct and indirect use of energy and materials in engineering and construction. Applied Energy 1(1), 1975, pp. 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(75)90022-7
  20. Schaefer, H., 1982. Kumulierter Energieverbrauch zum Herstellen von Produkten - Methoden der Ermittlung - Probleme der Bewertung. Brennstoff-Wärme-Kraft 34 (1982) Nr. 7.
  21. Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Guidelines for Life-Cycle Assessment: A Code of Practice. Brussels, 1993.
  22. Suh, S., M. Lenzen, G. J. Treloar, K. Honko, A. Horvath, G. Huppes, O. Jolliet, U. Klann, W. Krewitt, Y. Moriguchi, J. Munksgaard, and G. Norris, System Boundary Selection in Life-Cycle Inventories Using Hybrid Approaches, Environmental Science & Technology 38(3), 2004, pp. 657-64. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0263745
  23. Suh, S. (Ed.), Handbook of Input-Output Economics for Industrial Ecology, Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006.
  24. Urge-Vorsatz, D., S. Koeppel, A. Novikova, Improving Energy-efficiency in Buildings: opportunities, promises, challenges and solutions. In Proceedings of Seoul Conference on Using energy and materials more efficiently: A precondition for sustainable development. Korea Resource Economics Association, Korea Energy Economics Institute, Centre for Energy Policy and Economics of ETH Zurich and Ecofys, Seoul, Korea, September, 2006, pp. 29-56.
  25. van Engelenburg, B. C. W., T. F. M. van Rossum, K. Vringer, K. Blok, Calculating the energy consumptions of household purchases: A practical step by step method. Energy Policy 22(8), 1994, pp. 648-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(94)90058-2
  26. Vringer, K., K. Blok, The direct and indirect energy consumptions of households in the Netherlands. Energy Policy 23(10), 1995a, pp. 893-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(95)00072-Q
  27. Vringer, K., K. Blok, Consumption and energy-consumption: A time series for households in the Netherlands from 1948 to 1992, NW & Sonderzoeksrapport No. 95016, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1995b.
  28. Vringer, K., K. Blok, Long-term trends in direct and indirect household energy intensities: a factor in dematerialization? Energy Policy 28, 2000, pp. 713-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00050-1
  29. Vringer, K., K. Blok, van B. Engelenburg, A Step-Wise Guide for Energy Analysis: How to Calculate the Primary Energy Requirements of Households? In: Suh, S. (Ed.). In: Handbook of Input-Output Economics for Industrial Ecology, Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2009, pp. 491-505.
  30. Wright, D. J., Goods and Services: An input-output analysis. Energy Policy 2, 1974, pp. 307-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(74)90017-2