Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Characteristics of School Menus from the Daegu and Gyeongbuk Area

대구·경북지역 학교급식 제공 메뉴 특성 분석

  • 안선우 (계명대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최미경 (계명대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.02.18
  • Accepted : 2013.04.26
  • Published : 2013.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of menu items offered for school meals in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. A total of 538 menu items were collected from six schools (two elementary schools, two middle schools, and two high schools). There was a significant difference in food costs according to menu groups (p<0.001), with the highest food costs for meat and fish dishes (881.66 won) and the lowest cost for kimchi (114.50 won). The proportion of menu items using processed foods and with low operational efficiency were significantly higher in middle schools (p<0.01). In addition, menu items containing animal products were significantly higher in the non-traditional menu items in middle schools (p<0.001). Traditional menu items were less frequently cooked with oil (p<0.001) and processed foods (p<0.001), and their operational efficiency was higher (p<0.001). In conclusion, we found that traditional menu items in school meals were being offered with healthier ingredients and cooking methods, as well as a more efficient foodservice management, than non-traditional menu items.

본 연구는 학교급식에서 중요한 메뉴 특성을 파악하고 실제 제공되고 있는 메뉴 특성별 제공 현황을 분석하여 학교급식에서의 올바른 메뉴 운영을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 대구 경북지역 초 중 고 각 2개 학교씩 총 6개 학교에서 제공된 메뉴를 대상으로 하였고 각 학교 영양(교)사를 통해 메뉴 정보를 수집하였으며 계절에 따른 차이를 고려하여 각 학교마다 2회에 걸쳐 1차 조사는 2011년 6월30일~7월 15일, 2차 조사는 2011년 12월 1일~16일에 실시 하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 음식군에 따른 메뉴 품목 당 식재료비 차이는 유의적으로 나타났고(p<0.001), 육류 및 생선 찬류가 881.66원으로 가장 높았고 김치류가 114.50원으로 가장 낮았다. 학교급(초 중 고)에 따라서는 중학교가 39.3%로 가공식품 사용 메뉴의 비율이 높았고(p<0.01), 초등학교(86.4%)와 고등학교(83.5%)에 비해 중학교(71.7%)가 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목의 비율이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 비전통 메뉴 품목에서 동물성 식품을 포함하는 메뉴 품목과 가공식품, 기름 사용 가열 조리법을 사용하는 비율이 유의적으로 높아(p<0.001) 전반적으로 전통 메뉴 품목이 학생들의 건강에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 운영효율성에 있어서도 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목의 비율이 전통 메뉴 품목에서 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났고 (p<0.001), 식재료비 평균도 전통 메뉴 품목(371.57원)이 비전통 메뉴 품목(529.37원)에 비해 낮게 나타나(p<0.001) 운영효율성 역시 전통 메뉴 품목이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 동 식물성 메뉴별로는 식물성 메뉴 품목(95.4%)이 동물성 메뉴 품목(88.1%)에 비해 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 비율이 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.01), 운영효율성 중 식재료비는 동물성 메뉴 품목에서 650.40원으로 식물성 메뉴품목 274.39원에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 조리법별로는 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 메뉴 품목 중 노동효율성이 높은 메뉴 품목(95.8%)이 유의적으로 많았고(p<0.001), 가공식품 사용 메뉴에서 노동효율성이 낮은 메뉴 품목이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 조리법별 식재료비는 기름 사용이 적은 조리법을 사용하는 메뉴 품목의 식재료비 평균(413.54원)이 기름 사용이 많은 메뉴 품목(623.47원)에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 본 연구결과 학교급식에서 제공되는 메뉴 중 전통 메뉴와 식물성 메뉴가 가공식품을 적게 사용하고, 조리 시 기름 사용이 적으며 식재료비 역시 저렴한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 메뉴는 학생들의 건강과 식생활 개선뿐만 아니라 효율적인 메뉴 운영을 위해서도 적극적인 활용이 필요한 것으로 판단되므로 각 학교별로 메뉴에 대한 학생 선호도나 만족도에 대한 조사 등을 바탕으로 한 전통음식 및 식물성 식재료 활용 메뉴 개발이나 메뉴 운영 전략 수립이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 특히, 메뉴의 효율적인 운영은 식재비용 및 학교별 급식기기/인력 등에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 각 메뉴별 식재료비, 노동효율성 등의 조사가 식단 작성 시 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 노동효율성 조사에 있어 표준화된 평가기준을 사용하지 못하고 학교별 실무자 회의와 학교 간 의견 조율을 통해 평가를 실시하였으나, 향후 연구에서는 표준화된 평가기준이 사용된다면 학교급식 운영 효율화에 더 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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